Microbial ecology and function of the gastrointestinal tract in layer hens

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-314
Author(s):  
Steven C. Ricke ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Layer Hens ◽  
And Function

Radiographic Studies on the Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Two Species of Potoroine Marsupials.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume ◽  
CH Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Potorous Tridactylus

The structure and function of the gastrointestinal tracts of 2 potoroine marsupials, Aepyprymnus rufescens, the rufous rat-kangaroo, and Potorous tridactylus, the long-nosed potoroo, were examined by the use of radiographic and fluoroscopic techniques. In both species barium sulphate given by mouth entered the sacciform forestomach within 20 min of dosing, but in the same time the hindstomach and duodenum were clearly outlined. Contrast medium reached the hindgut within 1 to 2 h, but was retained there for at least 24 h. A proportion of radio-opaque particles given by mouth also bypassed the sacciform forestomach, but those that entered the gastric region were retained there for up to 93 h. The stomach constituted 50% of total gut capacity, and the hindgut (caecum and colon) 35%. The sacciform forestomach was the largest gastric region. It is concluded that, on the basis of anatomy and digesta movements, the forestomach may be less important, and the hindgut more important, in fermentative digestion in the Potoroinae than in the Macropodidae.

Effects of ruminal and postruminal infusion of starch hydrolysate or glucose on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract in growing steers1,2

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 3027-3034 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Van Kessel ◽  
P. C. Nedoluha ◽  
A. Williams-Campbell ◽  
R. L. Baldwin ◽  
K. R. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Starch Hydrolysate

scholarly journals Intestinal drug transporters in pathological states: an overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Drozdzik ◽  
Izabela Czekawy ◽  
Stefan Oswald ◽  
Agnieszka Drozdzik
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Drug Transporters ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
Endogenous Compounds ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Drug Actions ◽  
And Function

Abstract Emerging information suggests that gastrointestinal and systemic pathology states may affect expression and function of membrane transporters in the gastrointestinal tract. Altered status of the transporters could affect drug as well as endogenous compounds handling with subsequent clinical consequences. It seems that in some pathologies, e.g., liver or kidney failure, changes in the intestinal transporter function provide compensatory functions, eliminating substrates excreted by dysfunctional organs. A literature search was conducted on Ovid and Pubmed databases to select relevant in vitro, animal and human studies that have reported expression, protein abundance and function of intestinal drug transporters. The accumulated data suggest that gastrointestinal pathology (inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, cholestasis) as well as systemic pathologies (kidney failure, liver failure, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, obesity, diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammation and Alzheimer disease) may affect drug transporter expression and function in the gastrointestinal tract. The altered status of drug transporters may provide compensatory activity in handling endogenous compounds, affect local drug actions in the gastrointestinal tract as well as impact drug bioavailability. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Expression and Function of miR-155 in Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Wan ◽  
Liang Xia ◽  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Nonghua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Extrahepatic Drug Transporters in Liver Failure: Focus on Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Droździk ◽  
Stefan Oswald ◽  
Agnieszka Droździk
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Drug Transporters ◽  
Endogenous Compounds ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Drug Actions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Drug Pharmacokinetics

Emerging information suggests that liver pathological states may affect the expression and function of membrane transporters in the gastrointestinal tract and the kidney. Altered status of the transporters could affect drug as well as endogenous compounds handling with subsequent clinical consequences. It seems that changes in intestinal and kidney transporter functions provide the compensatory activity of eliminating endogenous compounds (e.g., bile acids) generated and accumulated due to liver dysfunction. A literature search was conducted on the Ovid and PubMed databases to select relevant in vitro, animal and human studies that have reported expression, protein abundance and function of the gastrointestinal and kidney operating ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters and SLC (solute carriers) carriers. The accumulated data suggest that liver failure-associated transporter alterations in the gastrointestinal tract and kidney may affect drug pharmacokinetics. The altered status of drug transporters in those organs in liver dysfunction conditions may provide compensatory activity in handling endogenous compounds, affecting local drug actions as well as drug pharmacokinetics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document