Vesicoureteral reflux is a common condition in infants with urinary tract infection. Although antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection is widely performed, its effectiveness remains controversial. Herein we report a seven- month-old boy with vesicoureteral reflux. Antibiotic prophylaxis with amoxicillin caused microbial resistance accompanied by recurrent urinary tract infection. Subsequent antibiotic prophylaxis with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was effective until spontaneous remission of vesicoureteral reflux occurred. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, but not amoxicillin, should be considered as an agent for antibiotic prophylaxis in infants with vesicoureteral reflux.
Risk factors for breakthrough urinary tract infection in children with vesicoureteral reflux receiving continuous antibiotic prophylaxis