scholarly journals CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: An In-Vitro Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shamir ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Alan Schoenfeld ◽  
Beth Drzewiecki ◽  
Mark Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

Abstract Background: Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed an in-vitro analysis of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Five pure xanthine stones from a boy with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged. CT of the stones was performed at 80kVp, 100kVp, 120kVp and 140kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed.Results: On CT, xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0+/-51.7HU at 80kVp, 321.4+/-63.4HU at 100kVp, 329.7+/-54.2HU at 120kVp and 328.4+/-61.1HU at 140kVp. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences.Conclusion: Xanthine stones demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lack signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine urinary stones should identical to the approach with other urinary stones.

scholarly journals CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: An In-Vitro Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shamir ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Alan Schoenfeld ◽  
Beth Drzewiecki ◽  
Mark Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

Abstract Background: Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed an in-vitro analysis of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Five pure xanthine stones from a boy with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged. CT of the stones was performed at 80kVp, 100kVp, 120kVp and 140kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed.Results: On CT, xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0+/-51.7HU at 80kVp, 321.4+/-63.4HU at 100kVp, 329.7+/-54.2HU at 120kVp and 328.4+/-61.1HU at 140kVp. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences.Conclusion: Xanthine stones demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lack signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine urinary stones should identical to the approach with other urinary stones.

scholarly journals CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shamir ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Alan Schoenfeld ◽  
Beth Drzewiecki ◽  
Mark Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

Abstract Background: Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed in-vitro and in-vivo analyses of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Five pure xanthine stones from a child with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged in-vitro and in-vivo. CT of the stones was performed at 80kVp, 100kVp, 120kVp and 140kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed. Results: In-vitro analysis on CT demonstrated that xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0+/-51.7HU at 80kVp, 321.4+/-63.4HU at 100kVp, 329.7+/-54.2HU at 120kVp and 328.4+/-61.1HU at 140kVp. In-vivo analysis on CT resulted in an average attenuation of 354+/-35HU. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences. Conclusion: Xanthine stone analyses, both in-vitro and in-vivo, demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lacking signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine stones should be comparable to that of other urinary stones.

scholarly journals CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shamir ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Alan Schoenfeld ◽  
Beth Drzewiecki ◽  
Mark Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

Abstract Background: Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed in-vitro and in-vivo analyses of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Five pure xanthine stones from a child with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged in-vitro and in-vivo. CT of the stones was performed at 80kVp, 100kVp, 120kVp and 140kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed.Results: In-vitro analysis on CT demonstrated that xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0+/-51.7HU at 80kVp, 321.4+/-63.4HU at 100kVp, 329.7+/-54.2HU at 120kVp and 328.4+/-61.1HU at 140kVp. In-vivo analysis on CT resulted in an average attenuation of 354+/-35HU. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences.Conclusion: Xanthine stone analyses, both in-vitro and in-vivo, demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lacking signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine stones should be comparable to that of other urinary stones.

scholarly journals CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shamir ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Alan Schoenfeld ◽  
Beth Drzewiecki ◽  
Mark Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

Abstract Background: Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed in-vitro and in-vivo analyses of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Five pure xanthine stones from a child with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged in-vitro and in-vivo. CT of the stones was performed at 80kVp, 100kVp, 120kVp and 140kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed. Results: In-vitro analysis on CT demonstrated that xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0+/-51.7HU at 80kVp, 321.4+/-63.4HU at 100kVp, 329.7+/-54.2HU at 120kVp and 328.4+/-61.1HU at 140kVp. In-vivo analysis on CT resulted in an average attenuation of 354+/-35HU. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences.Conclusion: Xanthine stone analyses, both in-vitro and in-vivo, demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lacking signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine stones should be comparable to that of other urinary stones.

scholarly journals CT, US and MRI of xanthine urinary stones: in-vitro and in-vivo analyses

BMC Urology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie B. Shamir ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Alan H. Schoenfeld ◽  
Beth A. Drzewiecki ◽  
Mark C. Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

Abstract Background Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch–Nyhan syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed in-vitro and in-vivo analyses of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Five pure xanthine stones from a child with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged in-vitro and in-vivo. CT of the stones was performed at 80 kVp, 100 kVp, 120 kVp and 140 kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed. Results In-vitro analysis on CT demonstrated that xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0 ± 51.7 HU at 80 kVp, 321.4 ± 63.4 HU at 100 kVp, 329.7 ± 54.2 HU at 120 kVp and 328.4 ± 61.1 HU at 140 kVp. In-vivo analysis on CT resulted in an average attenuation of 354 ± 35 HU. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences. Conclusion Xanthine stone analyses, both in-vitro and in-vivo, demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lacking signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine stones should be comparable to that of other urinary stones.

scholarly journals CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shamir ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Alan Schoenfeld ◽  
Beth Drzewiecki ◽  
Mark Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

Abstract Background: Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed in-vitro and in-vivo analyses of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Five pure xanthine stones from a child with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged in-vitro and in-vivo. CT of the stones was performed at 80kVp, 100kVp, 120kVp and 140kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed. Results: In-vitro analysis on CT demonstrated that xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0+/-51.7HU at 80kVp, 321.4+/-63.4HU at 100kVp, 329.7+/-54.2HU at 120kVp and 328.4+/-61.1HU at 140kVp. In-vivo analysis on CT resulted in an average attenuation of 354+/-35HU. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences.Conclusion: Xanthine stone analyses, both in-vitro and in-vivo, demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lacking signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine stones should be comparable to that of other urinary stones.

scholarly journals CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shamir ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Alan Schoenfeld ◽  
Beth Drzewiecki ◽  
Mark Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

Abstract Background: Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed in-vitro and in-vivo analyses of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: Five pure xanthine stones from a child with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged in-vitro and in-vivo. CT of the stones was performed at 80kVp, 100kVp, 120kVp and 140kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed.Results: In-vitro analysis on CT demonstrated that xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0+/-51.7HU at 80kVp, 321.4+/-63.4HU at 100kVp, 329.7+/-54.2HU at 120kVp and 328.4+/-61.1HU at 140kVp. In-vivo analysis on CT resulted in an average attenuation of 354+/-35HU. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences.Conclusion: Xanthine stone analyses, both in-vitro and in-vivo, demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lacking signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine stones should be comparable to that of other urinary stones.

scholarly journals CT, US and MRI of Xanthine Urinary Stones: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shamir ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Alan Schoenfeld ◽  
Beth Drzewiecki ◽  
Mark Liszewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

Abstract Background: Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most appropriate approach to imaging these stones is therefore unclear. We performed in-vitro and in-vivo analyses of xanthine stones using computed tomography (CT) at different energy levels, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Five pure xanthine stones from a child with Lesch-Nyhan were imaged in-vitro and in-vivo. CT of the stones was performed at 80kVp, 100kVp, 120kVp and 140kVp and CT numbers of the stones were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). US of the stones was performed and echogenicity, acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact were assessed. MRI of the stones was performed and included T2-weighted, ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-weighted and T2/T1-weighted 3D bFFE sequences and signal was assessed. Results: In-vitro analysis on CT demonstrated that xanthine stones were radiodense and the average attenuation coefficient did not differ with varying kVp, measuring 331.0+/-51.7HU at 80kVp, 321.4+/-63.4HU at 100kVp, 329.7+/-54.2HU at 120kVp and 328.4+/-61.1HU at 140kVp. In-vivo analysis on CT resulted in an average attenuation of 354+/-35HU. On US, xanthine stones where echogenic with acoustic shadowing and twinkle artifact. On MRI, stones lacked signal on all tested sequences.Conclusion: Xanthine stone analyses, both in-vitro and in-vivo, demonstrate imaging characteristics typical of most urinary stones: dense on CT, echogenic on US, and lacking signal on MRI. Therefore, the approach to imaging xanthine stones should be comparable to that of other urinary stones.

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