scholarly journals Clinicopathological and Genetic Analyses of Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate: Histological Features for Accurate Diagnosis and Toward Future Novel Therapies Short Running Title: Characteristics of Prostatic Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arika Ida ◽  
Yoichiro Okubo ◽  
Rika Kasajima ◽  
Kota Washimi ◽  
Shinya Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Prostatic Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Ki 67

Abstract Differentiating small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) of the prostate from prostatic cancer with diffuse neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation based on morphological features alone can be challenging. Given that treatment strategies vary depending on histological type, accurate diagnosis is critical. This study firstly aimed to identify the accurate diagnostic factors for primary prostate NE tumors. Furthermore, the possibility of novel treatment strategies through genetic analysis is also an aim. Specifically, prostate biopsies conducted in our hospital between January 2017 and May 2020 were included. As a result seven cases of SCNC and four cases of prostatic cancer with diffuse NE differentiation were identified. No significant differences in serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were observed between SCNC and adenocarcinoma with diffuse NE differentiation. The Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher and PSA immunoreactivity tended to be lower in SCNC. Genetic analysis did not detect any ALK mutations but confirmed several other mutations, including those of PIK3CA and TP53. In conclusion, given the heterogeneity in serum NE markers in SCNC, diagnosis based on these markers alone is difficult. A high Ki-67 labeling index and low PSA immunoreactivity may be useful for diagnosing, but p53 immunoreactivity is insufficient to distinguish these tumors. Although further studies are required to interpret the results of the genetic analysis involving ALK, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations, the results of our genetic analysis suggest that PIK3CA mutations in SCNC of the prostate may provide a novel therapeutic strategy.

Prognostic factors and treatment comparison in small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18015-e18015
Author(s):  
Jinluan Li ◽  
Limei Lin ◽  
Zongkai Zhang ◽  
Yunxia Huang ◽  
Qin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Figo Stage ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Radiotherapy ◽  
Cause Specific Survival

e18015 Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of treatment modality to survival outcome in small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCNEC) using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: We identified patients with SCNEC from the SEER program during 1981 to 2014and analyzed significant factors for cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall (OS) using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression proportional hazard methods. Results: A total of 503 SCNEC patients were identified. The median follow- up time was 31 months. The 5-year cause specific survival and overall survival were 36.6% and 30.6%, respectively. The FIGO stages I to IV distributions were 189(37.6%), 108 (21.4%),95 (18.9%), and 111 patients (22.1%), respectively. Of the patients with known local treatment strategies, 177 patients (45.9%) were treated with radical surgery and 209 (54.1%) patients underwent primary radiotherapy. In multivariate analysis, local treatment strategies were independent prognostic factors for CSS and OS. The 5- year CSS according to radical surgery and primary radiotherapy were 50.0% and 27.9%, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5-year OS in patients received radical surgery and primary radiotherapy were 57.8%, and 29.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). In FIGO stage I SCNEC, patients treated with radical surgery had superior CSS (P = 0.001) and OS (P = 0.003) than those with primary radiotherapy. However, in FIGO stage II and III SCNEC, there are no differences observed in CSS and OS according to different local treatment strategies. The results also observed that the addition of brachytherapy impact OS (P = 0.002) in FIGO stage III SENCE. The 5-year cause specific survival and overall survival of patients with FIGO IV were only 11.7% and 7.1%, respectively. Conclusions: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is a rare disease with aggressive clinical behavior. The results suggested that radical surgery is the optimal local treatment for early-stage SCNEC and combining radiation therapy with brachytherapy should be suitable for patients with advanced stage.

scholarly journals Clinicopathologic features of metastatic small cell carcinoma of the prostate to the liver: a series of four cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoenix D. Bell ◽  
Aaron R. Huber ◽  
Diana Agostini-Vulaj
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Prostate ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Case Presentations ◽  
Aggressive Subtype ◽  
Median Interval

Abstract Background Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (SCNECP) is a rare, aggressive subtype of prostate carcinoma. Most SCNECP arise from conventional prostate adenocarcinoma (CPAC) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Case presentations We identified four cases of CPAC treated with ADT, which evolved to SCNECP with liver metastasis. The average interval between the diagnosis of CPAC and SCNECP was 102 months (range: 12 to 168). Histologically, the tumors showed nests of cells with high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios, granular chromatin, and frequent mitoses. All cases were synaptophysin, chromogranin, and AE1/AE3 positive, with a Ki-67 labeling index ≥70%. NKX3.1 was negative in all but one case and TTF-1 was positive in half. Weak ERG positivity by IHC was seen in one case which also demonstrated the TMPRSS2-ERG gene rearrangement; all other cases were negative for ERG by IHC. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were normal to near-normal in all. The median interval between the diagnosis of SCNECP and death was 3.25 months (range: 0.75 to 26). Conclusions Our case series highlights the importance of considering a prostate primary, even in the setting of normal PSA levels and loss of prostate markers, when diagnosing neuroendocrine carcinoma in the liver. Further, we emphasize the significance of diagnosing SCNECP that metastasizes to the liver, as it portends a particularly dismal prognosis.

scholarly journals Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-97
Author(s):  
Milica Cekerevac ◽  
Dragan Mitrovic ◽  
Aleksandar Vuksanovic ◽  
Cane Tulic ◽  
Dusko Dundjerovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Carcinoid Tumour ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cell Patterns

Among neuroendocrine tumors of the urinary bladder, small cell carcinoma (SCCB) is the most common one. Less frequent is carcinoid tumour and very rare is a largecell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a very aggressive tumour, with major frequency in the seventh decade. In 95% of patients it presents with hematuria and muscle invasive disease. A case of a patient with the urinary bladder tumour, which had muscle invasion and extension in perivesical tissue, was presented. The patient was diagnosed with combined form of the tumour, consisting of small cell and squamous cell patterns. Some of the imunochistochemical markers used in diagnosis were chromogranin A, synaptophysin, cytokeratins, LCA and Ki-67. Consequently, neuroendocrine differentiation of small cell patterns of the tumour was proven. Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by radical resection should be considered as the treatment of choice in surgically resectabile SCCB. Because of that it is essential to make histopathologic diagnosis of SCCB in transuretral tumour samples using, chromogranin A or synapthysin.

scholarly journals Mixed large and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium with high microsatellite instability: A case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2199920
Author(s):  
Kotaro Inoue ◽  
Kentaro Kai ◽  
Shimpei Sato ◽  
Haruto Nishida ◽  
Koji Hirakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Endometrioid Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Mutation Burden ◽  
Solid Part

A 65-year-old, gravida 3, para 2 Japanese woman was referred to our hospital for symptomatic thickening of the endometrial lining. Endocervical and endometrial cytology revealed an adenocarcinoma. The endometrial biopsy specimen was mixed, with a glandular part diagnosed as endometrioid carcinoma and a solid part diagnosed as high-grade mixed large and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (L/SCNEC). She underwent extra-fascial hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, complete pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and omentectomy (FIGO IIIB, pT3b pN0 M0). She currently has no deleterious germline mutation, but high tumor mutation burden and high microsatellite instability (MSI) were identified. She underwent six cycles of platinum-based frontline chemotherapy and achieved complete remission. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is a promising second-line therapy for MSI-high solid tumors. However, the MSI or mismatch repair (MMR) status of endometrial L/SCNEC remains unclear in the literature. Universal screening for MSI/MMR status is needed, particularly for a rare and aggressive disease.

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