The experimental transverse momentum spectra of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons, produced at midrapidity in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] and 5.02 TeV, central (0–5%) and peripheral (60–80%) Pb[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV, central (0–5%), semicentral (40–50%) and peripheral (80–90%) Pb[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV, measured by ALICE collaboration, were analyzed using the Tsallis distribution function as well as Hagedorn formula with the embedded transverse flow. To exclude the influence (on the results) of different available fitting [Formula: see text] ranges in the analyzed collisions, we compare the results obtained from combined (simultaneous) fits of midrapidity spectra of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons with the above theoretical model functions using the identical fitting [Formula: see text] ranges in [Formula: see text] as well as Pb[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] and 5.02 TeV. Using the combined fits with the thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution as well as the simple Tsallis distribution without thermodynamical description, it is obtained that the global temperature [Formula: see text] and non-extensivity parameter [Formula: see text] slightly increase (consistently for all the particle types) with an increase in center-of-mass (c.m.) energy [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] collisions from 2.76 TeV to 5.02 TeV, indicating that the more violent and faster [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV result in a smaller degree of thermalization (higher degree of non-equilibrium) compared to that in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV. The [Formula: see text] values for pions and kaons proved to be very close to each other, whereas [Formula: see text] for protons and antiprotons proved to be significantly lower than that for pions and kaons, that is [Formula: see text]. The results of the combined fits using Hagedorn formula with the embedded transverse flow are consistent with practically no (zero) transverse (radial) flow in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] and 5.02 TeV. Using Hagedorn formula with the embedded transverse flow, it is obtained that the value of the (average) transverse flow velocity increases and the temperature [Formula: see text] decreases with an increase in collision centrality in Pb[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] and 5.02 TeV, which is in good agreement with the results of the combined Boltzmann–Gibbs blast-wave fits to the particle spectra in Pb[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] and 5.02 TeV in recent works of ALICE collaboration. The temperature [Formula: see text] parameter, which approximates the kinetic freeze-out temperature, was shown to coincide in central (0–5%) Pb[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] and 5.02 TeV, which implies, taking into account the results of our previous analysis, that kinetic freeze-out temperature stays practically constant in central heavy-ion collisions in [Formula: see text] GeV energy range.
Highlights from the ALICE collaboration
