MORPHOMETRIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ORBICULARIS OCULI MUSCLE IN AFFECTED AND NON-AFFECTED SIDES IN HEMIFACIAL SPASM

✓ Recordings were made from facial muscles and the facial nerve near its entrance into the brain stem in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). The purpose of this study was to determine if the synkinesis commonly seen in patients with HFS could be linked to ephaptic transmission at the presumed site of the lesion (at the root entry zone (REZ) of the facial nerve). When the mandibular branch of the facial nerve was electrically stimulated, a response could be recorded from the orbicularis oculi muscles during the operation. The latency of the earliest response was 11.03 ± 0.66 msec (mean response of seven patients ± standard deviation (SD)). With equivalent stimulation a response could also be recorded from the facial nerve near the REZ; the latency of this response was 3.87 ± 0.36 msec. Stimulation of the facial nerve at the same location yielded a response from the orbicularis oculi muscle, with a latency of 4.65 ± 0.25 msec. The latency of the earliest response from the orbicularis oculi muscle to stimulation of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (11.3 msec) is thus larger than the sum of the conduction times from the points of stimulation of the marginal mandibular branch to the REZ of the facial nerve and from the REZ of the facial nerve to the orbicularis oculi muscle (8.52 ± 0.38 msec). It is therefore regarded as unlikely that the earliest response of the orbicularis oculi muscle to stimulation of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve is a result of “crosstalk” in the facial nerve at a location near the REZ, and it seems more likely that HFS caused by injury of the facial nerve is a result of reverberant activity in the facial motonucleus, possibly caused by mechanisms that are similar to kindling.

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The Role of Jankovic Spasm Grading, Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Function and Functional Improvement Scale Pre-and Post-Treatment in Dosing Botulinum Toxin A in Treatment of Essential Blepharospasm, Meige’s Syndrome and Hemifacial Spasm

Acta Scientific Ophthalmology ◽

10.31080/asop.2020.03.0144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 06-12

Author(s):

Bastola P ◽

Koirala S

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Hemifacial Spasm ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Orbicularis Oculi Muscle ◽

Toxin A ◽

Orbicularis Oculi ◽

Essential Blepharospasm

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The role of the injection Botulinum Toxin A in cases of Essential Blepharospasm Syndrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s Syndrome

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v8i3.6217 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 305-310

Author(s):

P Bastola ◽

M Chaudhary ◽

J P Agrawal ◽

D N Shah

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Hemifacial Spasm ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Orbicularis Oculi Muscle ◽

Toxin A ◽

Orbicularis Oculi ◽

Essential Blepharospasm ◽

The Mean

Background Benign Essential Blepharospasm Symdrome is a neuropathologic disorder. The cause of blepharospasm is multifactorial. It is unlikely that a single defect in this elusive control centre is the primary cause of this disease. Objectives To evaluate the role of botulinum toxin A in treating cases of Essential Blepharospasm Symdrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s Syndrome, and to assess orbicularis oculi muscle post treatment, in the patients who attended neuro-ophthalmology clinic and the general outpatient department of BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic studies. Methods A prospective, interventional study was carried out on all the patients of Essential Blepharospasm Symdrome, Hemifacial Spasm and Meige’s syndrome who underwent treatment with botulinum toxin A in BP Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic studies during a study period of one and half years. Pre- treatment grading of the spasm was done with Jankovic spasm grading and post treatment response was seen with assessment of orbicularis oculi muscle and improvement in functional impairment scale. Relevant findings were noted. Results A total of 40 cases were enrolled in the study. The mean Jankovic spasm grading in cases of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and Meige’s syndrome was 3.61 (±Standard deviation 0.50, range 3-4), 3.21 (±Standard deviation 0.63, range 2-4) and 3.67 (+- Standard deviation 0.57, range 3-4) respectively. The mean value for reappearance of significant spasms (in months) in cases of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and Meige’s syndrome was 4.3 (± Standard deviation 1.6, range 2.0-6.5), 5.8 (±Standard deviation 1.4, range 3-8) and 4.5 (± Std.deviation 2.8, range 2.5-6.5) respectively. Blepharoptosis was the commonest complication accounting for 66.6% of the complications.Conclusions The movement disorders like Essential Blepharospasm, Hemifacial Hpasm and Meige’s syndrome are treated by different modalities. An acceptable and effective treatment modality has been a long felt need in these cases. Our study has shown that injection of botulinum toxin A has been a safe and effective method of treating these cases in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i3.6217 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(3):305-10

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Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Size and Function: Exploring the Influence of Aging and Exercise Training

Cosmetics ◽

10.3390/cosmetics8020029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Takashi Abe ◽

Jeremy P. Loenneke

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Muscle Hypertrophy ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Sphincter Muscle ◽

Orbicularis Oculi Muscle ◽

Orbicularis Oculi ◽

And Function

The orbicularis oculi muscle is the sphincter muscle of the eyelids that blinks and closes the eyes. In this review, our aim was threefold: (1) to introduce the performance characteristics of blinking activity in young and older adults, (2) to discuss the influence of aging on the orbicularis oculi muscle in healthy adults, and (3) to provide information about the effect of facial exercise training on the orbicularis oculi muscle. To achieve the purpose of this review, a search using two electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus) and a search engine (Google Scholar) was conducted. The amplitude and peak velocity of spontaneously blinking behavior, which is an index of muscle function of the orbicularis oculi, appear to be affected by aging. The muscle thickness of the orbicularis oculi tends to be low in older adults, but there are issues that need to be examined further, such as differences in sex and measurement positions. There was no study on the effect of exercise training; however, the results of a highly trained man indicate that the orbicularis oculi muscles might elicit muscle hypertrophy through non-traditional resistance exercise.

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