Unlike in the study of Roman slavery (Joshel and Peterson 2014), the analysis of archaeological evidence for Greek slavery is far more challenging (I. Morris 2011), if we hope to be able to identify slaves, their labour, and their living spaces, in the ancient material record. Rather than trying to identify figures in Greek art as unfree in status, locating their place of work and living quarters in excavated structures, or distinguishing slave burials in ancient Greek necropoleis, this essay proposes that we should look rather for the wider effects of their labour on changes in health, wealth, settlement and landscapes.