Odysseus on the Niobid Krater

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. McNiven
Keyword(s):  
Classical Period ◽  
Mural Painting ◽  
Vase Painting ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
New Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Art

The Niobid krater in Paris (Louvre G341) is not one of the masterpieces of Greek vase painting. The vase is not even one of the best works of the artist, who receives his name, the Niobid Painter, from the rare depiction of Apollo and Artemis killing the children of Niobe on the reverse. The vase is, however, one of the touchstones of the history of ancient Greek art. The Niobid krater has this distinction because it is the earliest contemporaneous witness to the new developments in mural painting in the Early Classical Period, developments best understood from the descriptions of the traveler Pausanias six centuries later. The actual quality of the Niobid krater is therefore secondary to its documentary value.Since the krater's discovery in 1881, most discussion has focused on the iconography of the scene on the obverse, showing a group of warriors with Athena (PLATE IIa). The ambiguity of the scene comes from the large number of figures and the lack of action or iconographical evidence to help in their identification. Of the 11 figures, only Herakles (figure 6 on PLATE IIb), with his club and lionskin and Athena (4) in her aegis and helmet are clearly identifiable.

Conclusions

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Lucy C. M. M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
The Way

As well as bringing together all the relevant evidence for the quality and activity of the chorus of drama in the fourth century, this monograph has raised certain key questions about the current understanding of the nature and development of Attic drama as a whole. First, it shows that the supposed ‘civic’ quality of the chorus of drama is, in fact, an association loaned, inappropriately, from the genre of circular, ‘dithyrambic’, choral performance. Being attentive to the cultural differences between these two genres should prompt a further re-evaluation of how to read dramatic choruses more generally. Second, the way in which key fourth-century authors such as Plato and Xenophon use the image of the chorus to discuss the concept of leadership has profoundly shaped ways of construing choreia in ancient Greek drama, and the ancient Mediterranean more generally. Armed with this knowledge, it is possible to retell the story and history of the chorus in drama.

The Political Ideology of Guided Democracy

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Arsenio Torres
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
History Of

Contemporary discussions of political forms exhibit a concern with constitutional procedures and values seldom encountered in the history of political thought. The search for a parallel development would require a turning to the classical period of Greek and Roman philosophy and politics. In the light of contemporary constitutional self-consciousness, as well as of the sustained inquiry of the ancient world into the various forms of polity, pure and degraded, ideal and historical, the political analyses of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries assume the character of politico-ideological crystallizations of the breakdown of the ancien regime. There are, of course, fundamental underlying differences between these three periods of political reflection. The ancient Greek analyses, although centering on Greek realities and problems, bear, prima facie, a style of detached theory intended to be taken as philosophy, no more, no less.

The Birth of Nomos

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanos Zartaloudis
Keyword(s):  
Classical Period ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
History Of ◽  
Law Making

The Birth of Nomos delves into the history of the fundamental ancient Greek word nomos (and its family and other related words) to extensively examine the varied co-existent uses of the terms from the archaic to the early classical period, before and beyond its later meaning of 'law' or 'law-making'. The Birth of Nomos draws on the literary evidence in the works of the poets, philosophers and tragedians including Homer, Hesiod, Alcman, Pindar, Archilochos, Theognis, Heraclitus, Plato, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. In doing so it critically reflects on how nomos and its complex genealogy have been used by contemporary philosophers, including Agamben, Foucault, Heidegger, Schmitt, Nancy, Deleuze and Axelos.

THE CONCEPT OF MIMĒSIS IN THE HIPPOCRATIC DE VICTU

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hynek Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Texts

The concept of mimēsis was ‘shared by most authors, philosophers and educated audiences in the classical period, in antiquity as a whole, and even later’, although it has probably never been developed into a well-articulated theory. As far as we can judge from the extant evidence, the meaning of the expressions μίμησις and μιμέομαι differs from author to author and sometimes even from passage to passage. Ancient Greek views on mimēsis have often been discussed in modern scholarship, mainly within the field of history of art, and it has been demonstrated repeatedly that the traditional English translation ‘imitation’ is not always appropriate for the ancient texts and that in many contexts it is rather misleading. In the following study I aim to focus on this concept as it was employed in the oldest Greek cosmological and philosophical theories. As a rule, the study of these theories is complicated by their fragmentary state of preservation and by their distortion through the specifically Platonic views that were dominant among the later doxographers. I shall suggest that the Platonizing tendency still prevalent today, which tends to translate and interpret mimēsis as ‘imitation’ or ‘copy’, should be carefully revised in the light of the Hippocratic evidence and specifically in view of De victu, probably the oldest authentic, non-fragmentary, and non-Platonic document attesting the concept of mimēsis.

Psychological Implications of the History of Realistic Depiction: Ancient Greece, Renaissance Italy and CGI

Leonardo ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Kozbelt
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Vase Painting ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Renaissance Painting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Renaissance Italy ◽  
Computer Generated Imagery ◽  
Incremental Process

Art historian Ernst Gombrich argued that learning to create convincing realistic depictions is a difficult, incremental process requiring the invention of numerous specific techniques to solve its many problems. Gombrich's argument is elaborated here in a historical review of the evolution of realistic depiction in ancient Greek vase painting, Italian Renaissance painting and contemporary computer-generated imagery (CGI) in video games. The order in which many problems of realism were solved in the three trajectories is strikingly similar, suggesting a common psychological explanation.

Pythagoras of Rhegion and the Early Athlete Statues

1880 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 168-201
Author(s):  
Charles Waldstein
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
Essential Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Art ◽  
Material Form

The earliest works of Greek art manifest the inability of the artist to express all he desired by the inherent character of his work. The most striking characteristic of Greek art, and a trait which runs through the whole character of the ancient Greek race, is the simplicity with which it attains its great effects, the perfect harmony which obtains between the desire and conception and the realisation and execution. But it is only in the highest stage that we meet with this power: the genius of Pheidias is characterised by the perfect harmony that subsists between the idea and its realisation. Full proficiency in the technical handling of the material must precede the facile expression of inner conceptions by means of material form; and the study of the history of archaic art is the study of the struggle of the artistic spirit with the reluctant material and its final victory over it.But the desire to give individual character to their statues was felt by the artists, though they had not the power to put it into the essential form of the work itself. This desire found an outlet in expression by means of more accidental and attributive characteristics.

scholarly journals THE CLASSIC PERIOD NECROPOLIS OF THE RAEVSKOYE FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT: HISTORY OF RESEARCH, TOPOGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
А. А. Малышев ◽  
С. С. Горланов ◽  
А. В. Мочалов
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Settlement History ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Stage

Раевское городище - региональный и экономический центр юго-восточной Синдики (хоры античной Горгиппии) на протяжении III в. до н. э. - I в. н. э. -было введено в научный оборот благодаря раскопкам В. И. Сизова в 1886 г. Вопрос о местоположении некрополя городища, население которого могло насчитывать несколько сотен жителей, долгое время оставался открытым. Итоги исследований за последние полвека показали, что захоронения античного времени расположены на возвышенностях, простирающихся к западу и востоку от городища. К сожалению, на нынешнем этапе хронология захоронений некрополя далеко не всегда коррелирует с периодом бытования античного центра на Раевском городище. В частности, слабо документирован погребальными комплексами III в. до н. э. и практически отсутствуют материалы, которые можно было бы связать с обитателями северо-восточного мыса городища в раннеримское время. О периферийности центра свидетельствует отсутствие находок надгробных памятников. The Raevskoye fortified settlement was a regional and economic center of southeastern Sindike (chora of Greek Gorgippia) throughout 3rd century BC -1st century AD. The site was introduced in scientific discourse thanks to excavations conducted by V.I. Sizov in 1886. The issue relating to the location of the necropolis of the hillfort where several hundred people had probably lived remained open for a long time. The excavations over the recent 50 years have shown that graves of the Classical period are located on hills extending east of and west of the settlement. Unfortunately, at the current stage of research the chronology of graves in the necropolis does not always correlate with the period of functioning of the Ancient Greek center at the Raevskoye hillfort. In particular, few burial assemblages date back to the 3rd century BC; and there are practically no materials that could be linked to the inhabitants of the northeastern promontory of the fortified settlement during the Early Roman period. A lack of tombstones evidences the marginal character of the settlement at that time.

The Place of Vase-Painting in Greek Art

1951 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Archaic Period ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Vase Painting ◽  
Greek Art ◽  
Detailed Work

‘The vases of the classical period are but the reflection of classical beauty; the vases of the archaic period are archaic beauty itself.’ So Beazley; an indisputable and valuable truth, but a truth that needs some explanation. In spite of all the detailed work that has been done in the last fifty years and more on the development of Greek vase-painting and its relation to other arts, its nature still remains something of a problem. The issue is confused, of course, by the fact that vase-paintings are almost our only original Greek drawings—almost the only key-hole through which we can peep at archaic and classical painting—and this gives them an importance independent of their intrinsic worth.

Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Miklós Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

What Can Complex Abdominal Wall Hernia Surgeons Learn About Quality of Life From Ancient Greek Philosophers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Smith ◽  
Miriam Isaac ◽  
Thomas Elanjithara ◽  
Praminthra Chitsabesan ◽  
Srinivas Chintapatla
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Abdominal Wall Hernia ◽  
Ancient Greek
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