Aspects of the Narratives of Slavery in the Afro-American Literature as Represented by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass’ Works

Harriet Ann Jacobs’ Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl (1861) and Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave (1845) are two very significant works to show slave narratives Afro-American Literature. They provide many aspects in attempting to portray the complex sufferings and different kinds of frustrations, especially that the threat to the existence of their families and their rights as human beings in American society. The works present real stories and scenes lived by both writers in that dark era. The article makes a kind of comparison between them to highlight how both sexes suffered to the same extent. Jacobs represented the female side while Douglass represented the male side of black slaves in America through their works. The article aims to shed light on the brutal effect of slave and the crimes of the racist white American people upon these vulnerable people in a society of an ideal country in which the worst forms of racism are still practiced and the murder of George Floyd’s crime is not far from us. Therefore, it is the duty of the free people of the whole world to expose these heinous acts and work to prevent them and support the oppressed.

Kedudukan Suami Menurut Hukum Waris Bali dalam Perkawinan Nyeburin di Desa Adat Peliatan Ubud Gianyar

Balinese men are the successors of the lineage / continuation of the future of the family so that a family continues to have descendants and does not experience extinction. However, these hopes cannot come true if the married couple cannot give birth to a son or even have no children or offspring at all. The purpose of this study was to determine the law of Balinese inheritance in nyeburin marriages in the traditional village of Peliatan. The formulation of the problem in this study is what is the position of the husband in the Nyeburin marriage according to the Awig-Awig of the Peliatan Traditional Village and the factors that encourage the implementation of the Nyeburin marriage in the Peliatan Traditional Village. The type of research used is empirical using a sociological approach, statutory approach, conceptual, case and customary law approaches. The data sources obtained from this research are primary data from interviews and observations and secondary data from Awig-awig traditional villages, legislation and related research. The results of the research include the husband's position as predana in intermarriage according to the Awig-Awig of the Peliatan Traditional Village, if the marriage breaks either those who still live at their wife's house or who have returned to their original home (mulih deha / truna), no one has explicitly regulated in positive rule of law. The factors that encourage the implementation of the Nyeburin marriage in the Peliatan Traditional Village are due to the request of the woman's parents due to not having a son and only having a daughter, a factor that comes from the male side (as predana), namely because of mutual love between the two both sides.

Prosesi Adat Merarik Masyarakat Bangsawan dengan Masyarakat Biasa di Desa Sengkerang Kecamatan Praya Timur Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

Abstrak: Dalam adat istiadat masyarakat sasak terutama keturunan bangsawan khsususnya kaum perempuan, apabila ingin menikah dia harus mencari orang yang sebangsawannya, jika tidak maka harta warisan akan hangus, dan diberikan sanksi keluar dari golongan bangsawan. Sedangkan kalau laki-laki diperbolehkan menikah dengan masyarakat biasa ataupun masyarakat bangsawan. Tujuan dalam artikel ini menjelaskan prosesi adat merarik masyarakat bangsawan dengan masyarakat biasa di Desa Sengkerang Kecamatan Praya Timur Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penelitian ini termasuk peneltian kualitatif. Subyek Penelitian yaitu Kepala Desa, Kepala Dusun, Tokoh Agama, Tokoh Adat, Tokoh Pemuda dan Masyarakat. Metode pengumpulan data yang dipakai yaitu teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis dengan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prosesi merariq masyarakat bangsawan dan masyarakat biasa meliputi tiga tahapan yaitu: Pertama, adat sebelum akad berupa Midang, Midang merupakan kunjungan secara langsung dari pihak laki-laki ke pihak perempuan dalam rangka memperdalam hubungan sekaligus mengikat hubungan pertalian yang lebih mendalam dalam bentuk pernikahan. Kedua, adat dalam proses akad meliputi rangakaian kegiatan Merariq, Mesejati/sejati, Pemuput selabar/selabar, dan Nyongkol atau nyodol. Ketiga, adat setelah akad, setelah acara sorong doe atau nyongkol dan bales lampak nae (balas bekas kaki). Abstract: In the customs of the Sasak people, especially the descendants of the aristocracy, especially women, if they want to get married they have to find someone who is an aristocrat, otherwise their inheritance will be forfeited and will be sanctioned to leave the aristocratic class. Meanwhile, men are allowed to marry into ordinary people or noble societies. The purpose of this article is to explain the traditional procession of drawing aristocratic communities with ordinary people in Sengkerang Village, Praya Timur District, Central Lombok Regency. This research includes qualitative research. Research subjects were village heads, hamlet heads, religious leaders, traditional leaders, youth and community leaders. The data collection methods used were observation, interview and documentation techniques. The data obtained will be analyzed with an interactive model. The results of this study indicate that the merariq procession of the aristocratic society and the common people includes three stages, namely: First, the custom before the contract in the form of Midang, Midang is a direct visit from the male side to the female side in order to deepen the relationship as well as to tie a deeper relationship. form of marriage. Second, customs in the contract process include a series of Merariq activities, true / true, Pemuput patience / patience, and Nyongkol or nyodol. Third, the customs after the contract, after the sorong doe or nagging and bales lampak nae (reply to the foot marks).

Sonographic assessment of femoral cartilage thickness in healthy adults

Objective This study was performed to obtain normative data of the distal femoral cartilage thickness in healthy adults by ultrasound. Methods This cross-sectional study included 72 healthy adults. The demographic characteristics of the participants were recorded, and the thickness of the femoral articular cartilage was measured using a 5- to 18-MHz linear probe. Results Significant statistical difference towards the male side at left medial condyle (P = 0.001) and left lateral condyle (P = 0.009). Weakly positive statistical difference was noted towards the male side at right medial condyle (P = 0.06) and right lateral condyle (P = 0.07). The femoral cartilage thickness in the study participants did not correlate with weight, body mass index, and age (P >0.05). Positive statistical correlation with height noted in right medial condyle, right lateral condyle, right intercondylar area, and left medial condyle. Conclusion This study increases the pool of normative data of femoral cartilage thickness measurements. Additionally, the findings of this study emphasize the fact that women have thinner cartilage than men in four of the studied parameters.

Perlindungan UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan kepada Calon Pengantin

In marriage, some conventional fiqh literature stipulates that the authority to determine the marriage of the prospective bride is more dominant to the male side than the female party. For example, this is the opinion of Imam Syafi'i who allows the marriage of girls even though the girls are adults without the consent of the girls. In the Indonesian context, marriage must be based on the consent of the two prospective brides, which is one of the administrative requirements so that the marriage can take place. The methods used in this article is a qualitative approach to the library, where the focus is aimed against any reference about the religion, culture and islamic boarding school. The approach used is qualitative, which is a research procedure that describes the behavior of certain people, events, or places in detail and depth. While this type of research is literature. Namely, research that relies on reading sources, texts, and various information in the form of reading. In a different reference library research is research that is done to solve a problem that is based on a critical study of library materials and related research results presented in new ways.

MENELUSURI TRADISI ONGGOSO SUKU TOLAKI YANG TEREPRESENTASI DALAM MITOS OHEO

Abstrak Mitos Oheo adalah mitos yang hidup dalam masyarakat Tolaki, Sulawesi Tenggara. Mitos ini diyakini memuat peristiwa peminangan yang pertama kali dilakukan dalam peradaban suku Tolaki. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penelusuran representasi tradisi onggoso, sebuah tradisi membayar sejumlah uang belanja sebagai syarat pernikahan, dalam mitos Oheo. Permasalahan penelitian adalah bagaimana tradisi onggoso yang dikenal oleh Suku Tolaki terepresentasi dalam mitos Oheo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menarik relasi antara kode- kode yang terdapat di dalam mitos Oheo dengan tradisi onggoso yang dikenal dalam adat perkawinan Suku Tolaki. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan semiotik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tradisi onggoso mengambil contoh dari pengajuan syarat dari Anawaingguluri kepada Oheo untuk menerima pinangan Oheo. Dalam mitos Oheo, tradisi onggoso terepresentasi dalam dua fokus, yaitu penentuan kesepakatan dan teknis pembayaran. Segmen awal mitos Oheo berelasi dengan penentuan kesepakan mengenai jenis dan jumlah onggoso yang harus dibayarkan oleh pihak laki-laki kepada pihak perempuan. Syarat yang diajukan oleh Anawaingguluri harus disetujui oleh Oheo agar pernikahan di antara keduanya dapat dilaksanakan. Segmen tengah dan akhir yang memuat upaya Oheo berkumpul kembali dengan Anawaingguluri berelasi dengan mo mbolika odandi atau memperbaharui janji. Melalui mo mbolika odandi inilah terlihat upaya pihak laki-laki dalam menepati janjinya sebagai sebuah tanggung jawab. Kata kunci: tradisi onggoso, suku Tolaki, mitos Oheo Abstract The Oheo myth is a myth that lives in the Tolaki society, Southeast Sulawesi. This myth is believed to contain the rst marriage proposal carried out in Tolakinese civilization. This study traced the representation of onggoso tradition, a tradition of paying an amount of spending money as a condition for marriage, in the Oheo Myth. The issue of research is how is the traditional tradition known by the Tolaki tribe represented in the Myth of Oheo? This study aims to attract relations between the myth of Oheo and the tradition of onggoso known in the marriage customs of the Tolaki tribe. The study was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method with a semiotic approach. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the Onggoso tradition took the example of submitting conditions from Anawaingguluri to Oheo to accept Oheo’s proposal. In the Oheo myth, the onggoso tradition is represented in two focuses, namely the determination of agreement and technical payment. The initial segment of the Oheo myth relates to the determination of agreement on the type and number of onggosos the male side must pay to the woman. The terms proposed by Anawaingguluri must be approved by Oheo so that the marriage between the two can be carried out. While the middle and nal segments that contain Oheo’s efforts are reunited with Anawaingguluri in connection with the music magazine or renewing an appointment. It is through this mo mbolika odandi that the efforts of the men in keeping their promises are seen as a responsibility.Keywords: onggoso tradition, Tolakinese tribe, Oheo myth

Fungsi Bahasa dalam Acara Berasan Masyarakat Sindang Kelingi Musi Rawas

The purpose of this study in general is to describe the function of the rice language of the Sindang Kelingi Musi Rawas community. The data of this study are the utterances (words / languages) contained in rice activities. This study uses descriptive data in the form of written or oral words from people or observable behavior. The data source used in this research is community based activities. This research uses qualitative data analysis. Conclusion, The function of the language of rice, there are five functions, namely: 1) Personal function (only expressing joy and sadness), 2) Directive function (expressing requests and seduction), 3) Fatigue function (showing feelings of friendship), 4) Metalingual function ( explain the language itself), 5) Imaginative function (expressing the feeling that the male side faces to arrange words and respect). Keywords: Language Function, Discourse, Rice Events

Nuclear Chaperone ASF1 is Required for Gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is distinct from that in animals since gametogenesis requires production of haploid spores, which divide and differentiate into specialised gametophyte structures. Anti-Silencing Function 1 (ASF1) is a histone H3/H4 chaperone involved in chromatin remodeling during cell division, which we have found plays a critical role in gametophyte development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using mutant alleles for the two ASF1 homologs, asf1a and asf1b, we show that ASF1 is required for successful development of gametophytes and acquisition of fertilisation competency. On the female side, reproductive failure is caused by aberrant development of ovules, leading to gamete degeneration. On the male side, we show both in vitro and in vivo that asf1 mutant pollen tube growth is stunted, limiting fertilisation to ovules nearest the stigma. Consistent with ASF1 importance in gametogenesis, we show that ASF1A and ASF1B are expressed throughout female and male gametogenesis. We show that the gametogenesis defects can be corrected by ASF1A and ASF1B transgenes, and that ASF1A and ASF1B act redundantly. Thus, in contrast to the role of ASF1 in sporophytic cell cycle progression, our data indicate that during reproduction, ASF1 is required for the precise nuclei differentiation necessary for gametophyte maturation and fertilisation.

ADAT PERNIKAHAN SUKU BANJAR DAN SUKU BUGIS

Culture and society are one unity that cannot be separated from each other, therefore with the existence of various ethnic groups, various traditions are born. In addition, culture can be seen as values that are believed to be shared in a society and can be internalized in individuals so that they live in every behavior, one of which is in the marriage customs of each tribe that has unique and very interesting differences and we must know and preserve, because Indonesia is very rich in culture that we must guard together, by knowing the difference does not mean we insult and blame instead guard and respect each other. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences and similarities of the marriage customs of the Banjar and Bugis tribes. The method that I use is a qualitative method. Type of library research (library reseach), the approach used is an ethnographic approach by examining cultural phenomena that exist in society. The results of this study are the marriage customs of the Banjar and Bugis tribes that have differences and similarities. The first difference is about the term money given to women from the male side by the term uag jujuran (Banjar tribe) and panai money (Bugis tribe), while the equation is something that must be fulfilled in the custom of marriage and the same form money. The next difference is about the factors that influence the high and low amount of money given, then in practice it also has similar differences and similarities, only procedurally different.

THE COMB FROM THE HAYMANOVA MOHYLA AND THE SCYTHIAN MYTH OF A HERO FIGHTING A DRAGON

The article is devoted to the analysis of images on the bone comb from the Haymanova Mohyla mound (IV century BC). The images on it quite fully represent the myth of a Hero fighting a dragon, which is not known from narrative sources. The first large plate (the «male» side of the comb) depicts a battle scene with a consistently developing plot: the defeat of one hero — the triumph of the dragon — revenge and the victory of the second hero. It can be assumed that the characters in this scene are Targitaos and Kolaxais, known from the story of Herodotus. These Scythian heroes relate to Iranian Yima (Jamshid) and Θraētaona (Fereydun). The goddess is reproduced on the second large plate (the «female» side of the comb). Her iconographic image was borrowed from the ancient Greek Art, but it was perceived by the Scythians, probably as the goddess Api (Άπί), equivalent to the Iranian goddess Aredvi Sura Anahita. The general context of the images suggests that the Scythians were familiar with the Iranian prayers to this goddess with a request to bestow good luck in the fight against hostile creatures. The comb was certainly an important ritual and status attribute.