226 THE EFFECTS OF CONTRAST BATHS ON SKIN BLOOD FLOW IN PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often exhibit microvascular dysfunction that may contribute to impaired thermoregulation, but potential mechanisms remain unclear. Our goals were to quantify skin blood flow responses and nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation during body heating in individuals with T2DM compared with nondiabetic control subjects of similar age. We measured skin blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) in conjunction with intradermal microdialysis of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or vehicle during 45–60 min of whole body heating (WBH) in 10 individuals with T2DM and 14 control subjects. In six individuals from each group, we also measured forearm blood flow (FBF) by venous occlusion plethysmography on the contralateral forearm. FBF responses showed diminished absolute cutaneous vasodilation during WBH in the T2DM group ( PANOVA < 0.01; peak FBF in control 13.1 ± 1.7 vs. T2DM 9.0 ± 1.6 ml·100 ml−1·min−1). However, the relative contribution of nitric oxide to the cutaneous vasodilator response (expressed as % of maximal cutaneous vascular conductance) was not different between groups ( P > 0.05). We conclude that cutaneous vasodilator responses to WBH are decreased in individuals with T2DM, but the contribution of nitric oxide to this smaller vasodilation is similar between T2DM and control individuals. This decrease in cutaneous vasodilation is likely an important contributor to impaired thermoregulation in T2DM.

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Reduced Arteriovenous Shunting Capacity After Local Heating and Redistribution of Baseline Skin Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes Assessed With Velocity-Resolved Quantitative Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db10-0080 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 1578-1584 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

I. Fredriksson ◽

M. Larsson ◽

F. H. Nystrom ◽

T. Lanne ◽

C. J. Ostgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Local Heating ◽

Laser Doppler ◽

Arteriovenous Shunting ◽

Doppler Flowmetry

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Effect of Vibration on Skin Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal ◽

10.5958/j.0973-5674.7.3.097 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 227

Author(s):

Everett B Lohman ◽

Kanikkai Steni Balan Sackiriyas ◽

Gurinder S Bains ◽

Kulbhushan H Dhamane ◽

Kinjal J Solani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Skin Blood Flow

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Local sensory nerve control of skin blood flow during local warming in type 2 diabetes mellitus

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.lb138 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas Alan Strom ◽

Jessica R. Sawyer ◽

Shelly K. Roberts ◽

Shirley M. Kingsley‐Berg ◽

Nisha Charkoudian

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Local Warming

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Local sensory nerve control of skin blood flow during local warming in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01077.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 108 (2) ◽

pp. 293-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Strom ◽

Jessica R. Sawyer ◽

Shelly K. Roberts ◽

Shirley M. Kingsley-Berg ◽

Nisha Charkoudian

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Size ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Local Warming ◽

Initial Peak

Cutaneous sensory nerve-mediated vasodilation is an important component of normal microvascular responsiveness to thermal and nonthermal stimuli. Since both neural and microvascular function can be impaired in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we tested the hypothesis that local sensory nerve-mediated vasodilation during nonpainful local warming of the skin is less in T2DM compared with healthy controls (C) matched for age and body size. The rapid vasodilation during the first ∼5 min of this local warming (“initial peak”) was previously shown to rely primarily on local sensory nerves. We measured skin blood flow in T2DM and C subjects ( n = 7 in each group) at baseline and during 35 min of local warming of the skin to 42°C at two sites on the ventral forearm. One site was pretreated with 4% lidocaine (LIDO) to block local sensory innervation. During local warming, cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) during the initial peak was not different between groups, either at the untreated site [T2DM 75 ± 2 vs. C 81 ± 6% of maximum CVC (%maxCVC); P > 0.05] or at the LIDO site (T2DM 63 ± 7 vs. C 64 ± 6%maxCVC; P > 0.05). The difference between untreated and LIDO sites (sensory nerve contribution) was also similar between groups (T2DM 13 ± 5 vs. C 18 ± 5%maxCVC; P > 0.05) and was smaller with LIDO than was previously shown with other local anesthetics. Our results suggest that relatively healthy individuals with T2DM do not exhibit impairments in local sensory nerve vasodilation during thermal stimulation compared with controls of similar age and body size.

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