Performances

How Ancient Europeans Saw the World ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691143385.003.0009 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Peter S. Wells

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Open Spaces ◽

Large Numbers ◽

La Tène ◽

La Tene ◽

A Performance

This chapter deals with performances, which refer specifically to actions that people carried out in social contexts—“with an audience” and with their material culture. To be a performance, an action must be aimed at communicating with others. A performance involves some kind of movement by a person or persons, and the focus here is with those movements that involved the manipulations of objects. These include throwing swords into the lake at La Tène; arranging bent and broken scabbards in the ditch at Gournay-sur-Aronde; and placing iron tools in the fire at Forggensee. At Snettisham, they buried gold neckrings. All these actions were performed by prehistoric people and were held in open spaces where they could be seen by others, in some cases by large numbers of them.

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Central Europe

The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696826.013.33 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Carola Metzner-Nebelsick

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Iron Age ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Urban Forms ◽

History Of Research ◽

History Of ◽

First Millennium ◽

La Tène ◽

The Alps ◽

La Tene

This chapter covers the area between eastern France and western Hungary, and from the Alps to the central European Mittelgebirge, following the established division between the early Iron Age (Hallstatt) and later Iron Age (La Tène) periods, beginning each section with a summary of the history of research and chronology. After characterizing the west–east Hallstatt cultural spheres, early Iron Age burial rites, material culture, and settlements are explored by region, including the phenomenon of ‘princely seats’. In the fifth century BC, a new ideological, social, and aesthetic concept arose, apparent both in the burial record, and especially in the development of the new La Tène art style. This period also saw the emergence of new, larger proto-urban forms of settlement, first unfortified agglomerations, and later the fortified oppida. Finally, the chapter examines changes in the nature and scale of production, material culture, and religious practices through the first millennium BC.

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Bohemia at the End of the La Tène Period: Objects, Materials, Chronology, and Main Development Trends – A Review

Památky archeologické ◽

10.35686/pa2020.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 113-157

Author(s):

Alžběta Danielisová

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

First Century ◽

Long Distance ◽

Distance Communication ◽

Military Campaigns ◽

La Tène ◽

La Tene ◽

The One

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the late La Tène chronology in Bohemia and Moravia during the LT C2–D2 phases (150–0 BC) with an emphasis on developments in the latter stages of the La Tène occupation of the Middle Danube zone (LT D1b – LT D2). During the first century BC, specifically from the 70s and 60s BC onwards, a succession of events caused a rapid chain of reactions that resulted in the abandonment of the oppida and the replacement of the La Tène population in Bohemia by incomers of Germanic origin on the one hand, and a final rapid rise of the La Tène elites in the Middle Danube zone on the other. These processes are accompanied by a distinctive material culture of both local and external origin (Mediterranean and Germanic) and these objects tell us much about the society and its socio-economic strategies, distribution patterns and long-distance communication. The article does not aim to provide an historical account of the events that took place around the second half of the first century BC, such as Ceasar’s military campaigns against the Helvetians and in Gaul, the supposed participation of the Boii in these events, and the demise of the Celtic occupation of the Bratislava oppidum as a result of the (supposed) devastating incursion by the Dacians under the leadership of Burebista. The objective is to summarise what is known about the chronology of this turbulent period of the first century BC and to offer an archaeological overview of the developments of material culture in the Middle Danube zone. Key Words: Late La Tène, chronology, material analysis, metals, glass, oppida, Central Europe

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Prehistoric Fortifications in Bavaria

Antiquity ◽

10.1017/s0003598x00001319 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 43-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Friedrich Wagner

Keyword(s):

Systematic Investigation ◽

Intensive Study ◽

Large Numbers ◽

La Tène ◽

La Tene ◽

Short Time

Bavaria is a country that is very rich in prehistoric fortifications. In our early histories the construction of these is attributed almost without exception to the Romans; it is only the more intensive study of genuine Roman work that has enabled us to distinguish between pre-Roman, Roman and post-Roman remains. Moreover other fortifications, which are today invisible, have been re-discovered by a systematic investigation of the ground. These fortifications were evidently not constructed regularly throughout the prehistoric era but appear at intervals in large numbers, from which we can readily trace their erection to political causes. Two main types can be distinguished at once: circular camps that are built on a hilltop or plateau, and promontory camps, built to protect the landward approaches of a mountain spur or of a spit of land bounded on its other sides by valleys or river-beds. We also find one other type, the rectangular, which was unknown until the late La Tène period and survived for only a short time.

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