scholarly journals Antroposkenen ekosysteemi

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Koskinen

Tarkastelen artikkelissa pohjoisen metsäekosysteemin representaatiota Yleisradion Avaran luonnon esittämässä luontodokumentissa Villi Pohjola, osa 1/6: Suomi (Saksa 2011). Analyysini kautta piirtyy esiin eläinten toiminnan näyttämöksi muodostunut metsä, jonka pohjoisuus korostaa kaukaisen, koskemattoman ja rajattoman luonnon vaikutelmaa. Reflektoin tällaisen luontorepresentaation merkitystä villin luonnon kulttuurisesta konstruktiosta käydyn keskustelun avulla.Luontodokumenteille tyypillinen ajatus dokumentaarisuudesta toden tallenteena tiivistyy Villissä Pohjolassa pelkistettyyn tyyliin, jossa teknisesti rakennettuja kuvia tai kohtauksia ja vahvaa tarinankerrontaa on vältetty. Kertoja selostaa hajanaisen kollaasin metsän eläinten toiminnoista vuodenaikojen edetessä. Puheosioiden väleissä tunnelmoidaan musiikilla ja metsän visuaalista kauneutta korostavilla maisemakuvilla.Jos toden tallentamiseen kytkeytyvän läpinäkyvyyden vaikutelman ymmärtää tekijöiden valitsemana tyylinä, avautuu näkökulma kerronnan tarpeiden kautta muokkautuvaan luontoon. Erityisyyden, ihmeellisyyden, ikiaikaisuuden ja villiyden ominaisuudet eivät niinkään nouse metsän fyysisestä olemuksesta, vaan tarinan rakenteiden, visuaalisuuden ja televisiokerronnan asettamien vaatimusten ja mieltymysten mukaisesti. Vaikka näitäkin piirteitä suomalaisesta metsästä voi löytää, niiden tiivistymää Villin Pohjolan kerronnassa voidaan kuvailla eräänlaisena antroposkenen ekosysteeminä. Yhdistettynä villin luonnon kulttuuriseen konstruktioon toden tallentamiseen typistyvä dokumentaarisuus mahdollistaa uskottavan esityksen pohjoisesta luonnosta, joka ei ole poliittinen, riippuvuussuhteessa itseemme tai inhimillisten näkökulmien muokkaama valinta. Luontodokumentin todeksi vahvistama metsä muuttuu polaariseksi toiseudeksi, paikaksi ajan ja ihmisyyden ulkopuolella.Forest ecosystem as a stage: constructing wilderness with northernnessIn this article, I investigate the representation of a forest ecosystem in a nature documentary series episode Wild Scandinavia – Finland (Germany 2011). Through the analysis, the ecosystem appears as a stage for visually curious animals and their behavior. By emphasizing the northern location of the forest, the representation connects with the cultural construction of wilderness. The northern nature appears untouched, remote, and boundless. Typically for many wildlife films, the idea of capturing a neutral reality prevails in Wild Scandinavia – Finland. The audiovisual narrative is created with a style devoid of technically constructed images or scenes and by eschewing apparent storytelling. A loose collection of animal activity along the passing seasons is narrated by a male voice-over. In between the narrated parts, music and scenery highlight the visual beauty of the forest. If we understand the appearance of transparency as a style selected by the authors, a nature with features enhanced by audiovisual narration can be seen to unfold. Wild Scandinavia – Finland presents a forest characterised by rarity, perpetuity, and wildness. These are all traits that can be found in a Finnish forest, but the condensation suggests a nature modified by the needs of visuality and narration. Using the concept of antroposcene by Brett Mills, the article describes an ecosystem converted into a cinematic forest. Combined with the cultural construction of wilderness, the idea of capturing a neutral reality enables a plausible impression of northern nature free from politics, subjective perception, or dependency on ourselves.

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kollara ◽  
Graham Schenck ◽  
Jamie Perry

Studies have investigated the applications of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy in the treatment of hypernasality due to velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD; Cahill et al., 2004; Kuehn, 1991; Kuehn, Moon, & Folkins, 1993; Kuehn et al., 2002). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of CPAP therapy to reduce hypernasality in a female subject, post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pharyngeal flap, who presented with signs of VPD including persistent hypernasality. Improvements in mean velopharyngeal orifice size, subjective perception of hypernasality, and overall intelligibility were observed from the baseline to 8-week post-treatment assessment intervals. Additional long-term assessments completed at 2, 3, and 4 months post-treatment indicated decreases in immediate post-treatment improvements. Results from the present study suggest that CPAP is a safe, non-invasive, and relatively conservative treatment method for reduction of hypernasality in selected patients with TBI. More stringent long-term follow up may indicate the need for repeated CPAP treatment to maintain results.


This is the first book in English dedicated to the actress and director Tanaka Kinuyo. Praised as amongst the greatest actors in the history of Japanese cinema, Tanaka’s career spanned the industrial development of cinema - from silent to sound, monochrome to colour. Alongside featuring in films by Ozu, Mizoguchi, Naruse and Kurosawa, Tanaka was also the only Japanese woman filmmaker between 1953 and 1962, and her films tackled distinctly feminine topics such as prostitution and breast cancer. Because her career overlaps with a transformative period in Japan, especially for women, this close analysis of her fascinating life and work offers new perspectives into the Japanese history of women and classical era of national cinema. The first half of the book focuses on Tanaka as actress and analyses the elements and meanings associated with her star image, and her powerful embodiment of diverse, at times contradictory, ideological discourses. The second half is dedicated to Tanaka as director and explores her public image as filmmaker and her depiction of gender and sexuality against the national history in order to reflect on her role and style as author. With a special focus on the melodrama genre and on the sociopolitical and economic contexts of film production, the book offers a revision of theories of stardom, authorship, and women’s cinema. In examining Tanaka’s iconic reification of femininities in relation to politics, national identity, and memory, the chapters shed light on the cultural construction of female subjectivity and sexuality in Japanese popular culture.


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