Shedding Light On An Undiscovered Aspect That Perfectly Mimics Cosmic Acceleration

The comparison of redshift-distance relationship for high and low-redshift supernovae revealed the surprising transition of the Universe’s expansion from deceleration to acceleration. As compared to local supernovae, remote supernovae appear 10% to 25% dimmer as they are further away than expected. The expansion rate obtained for local supernovae is higher with low redshifts as compared to the expansion rate obtained for remote supernovae with high redshifts. Since observed redshifts in an expanding Universe provide an estimate of recession velocities, therefore, it is very disturbing to find that low recession velocities (just 1% of speed of light) indicate a faster rate of expansion (acceleration), whereas high recession velocities (60% of speed of light) indicate a slower rate of expansion (deceleration). In this paper, I unravel an undiscovered aspect that perfectly mimics cosmic acceleration. Rather than “cosmic deceleration that preceded the current epoch of cosmic acceleration”, I show in this paper, that “consecutive expansion epochs of the Universe that preceded the current epoch of cosmic expansion” were responsible for placing remote supernovae further away than expected. As a consequence of consecutive expansion, expansion began for remote structures in preceding expansion epochs before it did for local structures in the current (or more recent) expansion epoch; remote supernovae, quasars, and gamma-ray bursts are therefore not only further away than expected, but they also happen to yield a slower rate of expansion, thereby suggesting their deceleration even with “superluminal expansion”. As a result of consecutive expansion, preceding expansion epochs appear to be decelerating as compared to the expansion epoch that succeeds them. The analysis is based on the redshift-distance relationship plotted for 580 type Ia supernovae from the Supernova Cosmology Project, 7 additional high-redshift type Ia supernovae discovered through the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope from the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey Treasury program, and 1 additional very high-redshift type Ia supernova discovered with Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope. The results obtained by the High-Z Supernova Search Team through observations of type Ia supernovae have also been analysed. Studies incorporating quasars and gamma-ray bursts to determine how the expansion of the Universe has changed over time have been taken into consideration as well. The results obtained in this paper have been confirmed by plotting velocity-distance relationship, expansion rate vs. time relationship, expansion factor vs. time relationship, scale factor vs. time relationship, scale factor vs. distance relationship, distance-redshift relationship, and distance modulus vs. redshift relationship, moreover, the deceleration parameter (q0) is also found to be negative (q0 < 0).

Shedding Light On An Undiscovered Aspect That Perfectly Mimics Cosmic Acceleration

The comparison of redshift-distance relationship for high and low-redshift supernovae revealed the surprising transition of Universe’s expansion from deceleration to acceleration. As compared to local supernovae, remote supernovae are further away than expected. The expansion rate obtained for local supernovae is higher with low redshifts as compared to the expansion rate obtained for remote supernovae with high redshifts. Since observed redshifts provide an estimate of recession/expansion velocities in order to determine the expansion rate (km s-1 Mpc-1) of the Universe, therefore, it is very disturbing to find that low recession velocities (just 1% of speed of light) indicate a faster rate of expansion (acceleration), whereas high recession velocities (60% of speed of light) indicate a slower rate of expansion (deceleration). In this paper I unravel an undiscovered aspect that perfectly mimics cosmic acceleration. Rather than “cosmic deceleration that preceded the current epoch of cosmic acceleration”, I show that “consecutive expansion epochs of the Universe that preceded the current expansion epoch were responsible for placing remote supernovae further away than expected”. As a consequence of consecutive expansion, expansion began for remote structures in preceding expansion epochs before it did for local structures in the current expansion epoch; remote supernovae are therefore not only further away than expected, but they also happen to yield a slower rate of expansion even with “superluminal expansion velocities”. As a result of consecutive expansion, preceding expansion epochs appear to be decelerating as compared to the expansion epoch that succeeds them. The results obtained have been confirmed by plotting velocity-distance relationship, expansion rate vs. time relationship, expansion factor vs. time relationship, scale factor vs. time relationship, scale factor vs. distance relationship, distance-redshift relationship, and distance modulus vs. redshift relationship, moreover, deceleration parameter (q0) is also found to be negative (q0 < 0).

Response of round-hole tubes submitted to pure bending creep and pure bending relaxation

This paper presents experimental study on the response of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy round-hole tubes with five different hole diameters of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm and four different diameter-to-thickness ratios of 30, 40, 50, and 60 submitted to pure bending creep and pure bending relaxation. Pure bending creep or relaxation is defined as bending the tube to the required moment or curvature and maintaining that moment or curvature for a period of time. The experimental results of pure bending creep show that the curvature increases with time. In addition, larger holding moment, diameter-to-thickness ratio, or hole diameter results in larger creep curvature. As the curvature continues to increase, the round-hole tube eventually breaks. The experimental results of pure bending relaxation show that the relaxation moment decreases sharply with time and tends to a stable value. In addition, larger holding curvature, diameter-to-thickness ratio, or hole diameter results in larger drop of the relaxation moment. Due to fixed curvature, the round-hole tube does not break. Finally, formulas proposed by the research team of Pan et al. were respectively improved to simulate the creep curvature-time relationship for pure bending creep in the initial and the secondary stages and the relaxation moment-time for pure bending relaxation. After comparing with the experimental results, it is found that theoretical analysis can reproduce the experimental results reasonably.

Time Impact on Residue in a Non-homogeneous Equation of Statics in the Theory of Elastic Mixture

Residual stress in continuum has not been quantified because time relationship with residues has not been proven analytically. This is achieved in this paper by analyzing a two component mixture with the non-homogeneous equation of statics in the theory of elastic mixture, and second order differential equations with variable coefficients. A dry mixture of sand and cement is transformed into a continuum, which is been determined as an entire or a meromorphic function, as a result of the existence of residues that are contained in the principal component of the mixture obtained directly from the earth. The time relationship with residue, in these two functions are determined. Our result shows that time places a limit on residues, making the meromorphic function prone to implosion..

HUBUNGAN WAKTU TUNGGU PENDAFTARAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PASIEN DI TEMPAT PENDAFTARAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN (TPPRJ)

Patient waiting time in service at Place Of Patient Outpatient Registration was one of the important factors that will determine the hospital's initial image. Patient waited time also becomes one of the potential components as the cause of dissatisfaction. If the waiting time in the old outpatient medical record then it will reduce patient comfort. This research aims to registration waiting time relationship with patient satisfaction in Outpatient Registration Place Grandmed of Hospital Lubukpakam 2017. In this paper type was observational cross-sectional study. The population in this research was the outpatient Outpatient Registration Place (TPPRJ) that 124 people were sampled by purposive sampling techniques, methods of data collection by interviewing indirectly by using a questionnaire, data analysis using Chi-square test. Based on the results of writing, it is known that the waiting time for registration in the fast category is 56.5%. Patient satisfaction in the satisfied category of 62.1%). There is a registration waiting time relationship with patient satisfaction in Outpatient Registration Place p-value (= 0.010) <α (= 0.05). Suggested for Outpatient Registration Place Officer Grandmed of Hospital Lubuk Pakam, should pay attention to the long waiting time at Outpatient Registration Place to work more quickly and precisely according to the SOP so that the patient always feel satisfied, happy with the services already provided by the clerk.

Force and energy in gravitational field

This is the second paper of the induction theory of gravitational field. In the first paper, a new space-time view, which considers the influence of gravity, was constructed. In the new view of time and space, classical mechanics no longer holds. In this paper, the theory of mechanics and energy is established in the new space-time relation. In this paper, the basic mechanical law in the new space-time relationship is derived from the inertial force of the observed object relative to the reference object. Second, according to this basic law, the new formulas of gravitation and electromagnetic force in the space-time relationship are derived. Third, the influence of the moving of the observation object on the force is discussed. Finally, the new law of mass energy conversion is discussed.

AN ANALYSIS OF LINKING WORDS ON STUDENTS’ THESIS OF THE 59th GRADUATION AT ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF STKIP PGRI SUMATERA BARAT

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan penggunaan dan variasi mahasiswa dalam menggunakan Linking words di skripsi mahasiswa wisudawan ke 59 program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen document analysis untuk melihat kesalahan penggunaan dan variasi Linking words. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah bab 4 pada bagian deskripsi data mahasiswa di skripsi wisudawan ke 59. Data yang dianalisis sebanyak 17 dokumen. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, penelitian menemukan 13 dokumen yang mengalami kesalahan penggunaan Linking words. Jenis Linking words yang mengalami kesalahan tersebut adalah Time relationship (First, Second, Third,..Last), karena mahasiswa menggunakannya tidak secara berurutan. Lebih lanjut, dari 17 dokumen tersebut masih ada 2 dokumen yang menggunakan Linking words yang sama persis dalam satu paragraf, yaitu (Next & Thus). Dengan demikian, hal ini menyebabkan masih ada mahasiswa yang tidak bervariasi dalam menggunakan Linking words di dalam skripsi.