scholarly journals Identification of Race: A Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometric and Conventional Analysis of Human Fourth Cervical Vertebrae in Adult Malaysian Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1(Special)) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ja Young Shin ◽  
Aspalilah Alias ◽  
Eric Chung ◽  
Wei Lin Ng ◽  
Yuan Seng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Malaysian Population

Introduction: Estimation of race plays a significant role in establishing personal identity in forensic anthropology. A cervical vertebra is one of the bones that is least researched in forensic applications. Our study aims to investigate the  morphologic variations of the fourth cervical vertebrae (C4) between the different major races in the adult Malaysian population using a three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics method. Methods: Computer tomography images of C4 vertebra, which consist of 386 subjects (169 Malay, 82 Chinese, and 135 Indian) were collected retrospectively from University of Malaya. Twenty-eight landmarks were placed on the images. Procrustes MANOVA, canonical variates analysis(CVA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and linear measurement were performed using Planmeca Romexis, Checkpoint Stratovan, Morpho J, and Graphpad Prism software respectively to analyze the morphological variations of C4. Results: Procrustes MANOVA showed significant differences in the shape (p <0.0001) and centroid size (p = 0.0003) of the C4 vertebra between races. Canonical variate analysis showed significant differences for Mahalanobis (p <0.0001) and Procrustes (p <0.0001) distances among races. Besides that, a cross-validation value of 66.5% was demonstrated by discriminant function analysis. The use of linear measurements reveals no significant differences between the races, thesemeasurements are the vertebral body height, anterior-posterior length of the vertebral body, length of superior articular facet, and spinous process length. Both intra- and inter-observational reliabilities showed that acceptable human errors for measurement accuracy. Conclusions: Morphologic variations in the shape of C4 can assist in race estimation of the adult Malaysian population using the 3D geometric morphometric approach.

Use of Body Shape Information in Clothing Size Selection

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Input Variables

To investigate the role of body shape information on clothing size selection, a sample of 143 males were measured and sized using a computerized digital-image based measurement system. Clothing sizes were initially determined by the system using traditional criteria for the long sleeve shirt, jacket and trousers of a military dress uniform. The best-fitting size was determined by trial and error based on subjective feedback and expert judgement, provided by clothing and sizing technicians. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine sizing rules for each garment, based on different sets of anthropometric input variables. Comparisons were made between the prediction performances of discriminant functions derived from traditional variables and those of functions derived from 3D landmark coordinates. The results indicate that the use of three-dimensional landmark coordinates, as input to a discriminant function analysis, is superior to the use of circumference measurements in predicting clothing sizes. The use of these landmarks is thought to improve the classification of cases by allowing a better characterization of body shape.

scholarly journals Height estimation based on second cervical vertebra measured using three-dimensional computed tomographic scanning in Iranian adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Saadat Mostafavi ◽  
Azadeh Memarian ◽  
Omid Motamedi ◽  
Mohammadreza Khaleghi ◽  
Mehdi Pouromidi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
The Body ◽  
Height Estimation ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Linear Dimensions

Abstract Objectives The cervical vertebrae are more durable than other skeletal components, and therefore may be the only remnants of a dead body. The present study aims to investigate the role of several linear dimensions of the second cervical vertebrae measured by Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Scanning (3D CT Scan) in height estimation of Iranian adult population. In this cross-sectional study, height determination was performed by measuring 15 indexes of the second cervical vertebrae. Indexes were obtained by screening cervical CT scan of 66 patients (33 males and 33 females) aged ≥ 18 years at Rasoul Hospital. Chi square, T student and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was considered to be < 0.05. Result In the total population, among the indexes for the second cervical vertebrae, the Max height of the axis (AMA) (r = 0.470, P = 0.0001), Max length of the axis (CMA) (r = 0.320, P = 0.007), and Sagittal max body diameter (DSMC) (r = 0.281, P = 0.019) had a strong and positive correlation with height. The results of this study showed the accuracy of linear dimensions of cervical vertebrae in determining the body height of the Iranian adult population.

Sex estimation from reconstructed scapula models using discriminant function analysis in the Malaysian population

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Normaliza Omar ◽  
Siti Hanum Mohd Ali ◽  
Mohamed Swarhib Shafie ◽  
Nik Azuan Nik Ismail ◽  
Helmi Hadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Malaysian Population

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

scholarly journals Description of Echolocation Call Parameters for Urban Bats in Vietnam as a Step Towards a More Integrated Acoustic Monitoring of Urban Wildlife in Southeast Asia

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Long Kim Pham ◽  
Bang Van Tran ◽  
Quy Tan Le ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Christian C. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Echolocation Call ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This study is the first step towards more systematic monitoring of urban bat fauna in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries by collecting bat echolocation call parameters in Ho Chi Minh and Tra Vinh cities. We captured urban bats and then recorded echolocation calls after releasing in a tent. Additional bat’s echolocation calls from the free-flying bats were recorded at the site where we captured bat. We used the obtained echolocation call parameters for a discriminant function analysis to test the accuracy of classifying these species based on their echolocation call parameters. Data from this pilot work revealed a low level of diversity for the studied bat assemblages. Additionally, the discriminant function analysis successfully classified bats to four bat species with an accuracy of >87.4%. On average, species assignments were correct for all calls from Taphozous melanopogon (100% success rate), for 70% of calls from Pipistrellus javanicus, for 80.8% of calls from Myotis hasseltii and 67.3% of calls from Scotophilus kuhlii. Our study comprises the first quantitative description of echolocation call parameters for urban bats of Vietnam. The success in classifying urban bats based on their echolocation call parameters provides a promising baseline for monitoring the effect of urbanization on bat assemblages in Vietnam and potentially also other Southeast Asian countries.

Mineralogy of Egyptian Bentonitic Clays I: Discriminant Function Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Agha ◽  
Ray E. Ferrell ◽  
George F. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis
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