Evaluation of shedding of bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 after vaccination of calves with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine

2003 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1399-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Kleiboeker ◽  
Sang-Myeong Lee ◽  
Craig A. Jones ◽  
D. Mark Estes
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals A Hepadnavirus Regulatory Element Enhances Expression of a Type 2 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E2 Protein from a Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Vector

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 8775-8782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingshu Wang ◽  
Sreekumar Menon ◽  
Steven R. Bolin ◽  
Leonard J. Bello
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
E2 Protein ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT Recently, the possibility of using virus vectors to immunize cattle against selected bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) genes has gained widespread interest. However, when we attempted to express the E2 protein from type 2 (890 strain) BVDV in a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) vector, we observed that expression was poor. This often happens when genes from a cytoplasmic virus are expressed in the cell nucleus. To counter this effect, we attempted to enhance expression by a strategy employed by viruses. RNAs of retroviruses and hepadnaviruses contain cis-acting elements that facilitate expression of RNAs that otherwise are degraded or retained within the nucleus. In Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, the required RNA sequence element is known as a constitutive transport element (CTE). A related element from woodchuck hepatitis virus is known as the woodchuck posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE). We tested the ability of the CTE, the WPRE, and introns to enhance expression of E2. All three elements stimulated expression of E2 from plasmids. The combination of the WPRE and an intron yielded the highest level of E2 expression in plasmids. However, when E2 was expressed from a BHV1 vector, the presence of an intron was inhibitory. In contrast, the WPRE was very efficient at stimulating E2 expression from a BHV1 vector. This result represents the first expression of a type 2 BVDV E2 protein from a mammalian virus vector and raises the possibility that the WPRE may provide a general method of enhancing foreign gene expression from BHV1 and other herpesvirus vectors.

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