Implementation of Reinforcement Skill in Teaching English in The Pandemic Situation

This study aimed to identify the types of reinforcement skills and investigate the implementation of reinforcement skills used during the online learning process at SMP Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja. This study used a qualitative descriptive method as the research design. This study also used an English teacher as the research subject. In collecting data, this study used three methods, namely; observation, interviews, and questionnaires. This research was conducted online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the data obtained, this study found the results of the type of reinforcement and the implementation used by teachers during online learning. There are four types of reinforcement used by the teachers, such as; (1) positive verbal reinforcement in the form of praise and partial reinforcement, (2) positive non-verbal reinforcement in the form of gestures, (3) negative verbal reinforcement in the form of enforceable statements, questions, calling out the students' names, and (4) negative non-verbal reinforcement in the form of facial expressions and record the students' misbehavior. In addition, the reinforcement implementation were in line with theories suggested by experts by following the five principles in giving reinforcement.

ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS TEACHERS’ EFFORTS TO MOTIVATE STUDENTS AND IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVE ONLINE LEARNING

The Covid-19 phenomenon naturally has an impact on the transformation of learning system from offline to online modes. Thus, this study sought to reveal the efforts made by teachers in Bengkulu province to motivate students during online learning and their efforts to implement effective online learning. 18 teachers who were selected purposively took part as the participants, and they were interviewed to provide information regarding the two objectives of this study. Based on the descriptive qualitative method, the data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The findings indicated that in motivating students, the teachers maintained ideal communication, tried to drive students’ emtions to stay involved in learning, made students aware of the essence of the importance of knowledge, simplified learning processes but constructed learning in order to be interesting, provided verbal reinforcement and increased the opportunities of student-teacher interactions, and communicated with parents to help guide their children to study at home. Furthermore, in an effort to implement effective online learning, teachers built disciplined and systematic learning, orientated towards contextual learning contents, and established active interactions with parents and students.

ANALYZING THE POSITIVE VERBAL REINFORCEMENT OF STUDENT TEACHER IN EFL CLASSROOM

The objective of the study was to find out the types of positive verbal reinforcement that used by English student teacher in EFL classroom. The study used a qualitative method. This study involved an English teacher and students as the participants. The researcher used Tape Video recording to get the data. She used transcription and codifying techniques to analyze the data. The result showed that the teacher used three types of verbal reinforcement namely words, phrases, and sentences. The researcher found out 27 words, 22 phrases, and 10 sentences of verbal reinforcement that used by teacher in EFL classroom.Keywords: positive, verbal, reinforcementAbstrakTujuan penelitian adalah untuk menemukan jenis-jenis kata penguatan yang digunakan oleh guru PPL dalam kelas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitataif. Penelitian ini melibatkan seoarang guru PPL Bahasa Inggris dan siswa sebagai subjek penelitian. Peneliti menggunakan teknik rekaman vidio untuk mengumpulkan data. Peneliti menggunakan teknik transkripsi dan pengkodean untuk menganalisa data. Hasil penelitian menujunkan bahwa guru PPL Bahasa Inggris menggunakan tiga jenis penguatan yaitu kata, frase dan kalimat. Data menunujkan bahwa terdapat 27 kata, 22 frase dan 10 kalimat penguatan yang digunakan oleg guru PPL Bahasa Inggris di dalam kelas.Kata kunci: positif, kata, penguatan

Teacher's Reinforcement in Teaching English at High School Level

This study aims to determine the teacher's reinforcement in teaching English at the high school level. This is important to do because strengthening is one of the strategies that teachers can apply in increasing interest and motivation to learn to achieve satisfactory student achievement. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive techniques. In data collection, researchers conducted interviews and observations on teachers of SMA Islam Negeri 2 Kuantan Singingi to determine the components of reinforcement used by teachers in learning English. The results of this study indicate that the English teacher uses verbal and non-verbal reinforcement in learning English. For verbal reinforcement, the teacher uses reinforcement with words and reinforcement with sentences. For non-verbal reinforcement, the teacher uses gesture reinforcement, closeness strengthening, contact strengthening, activity reinforcement, and token reinforcement. The reinforcement most often used by teachers in teaching English was reinforcement with words, while the reinforcement that was rarely used by teachers was token reinforcement.

Teachers’ reinforcement and students’ perception to the teachers in English classroom

The study focuses on the positive reinforcement that is used by the teachers in each class and students’ perception towards reinforcement itself. This research involved two English teachers and two different classes of year ten students in SMA Kristen YSKI Semarang. To describe the use of reinforcement by the teachers, their teaching process were recorded and observed. Questionnaire and interview were done at the end of the lesson to describe how the students perceive reinforcement. This study is qualitative research. The data showed that the teachers used various types of reinforcement based on the theory of reinforcement by Moore (2007). They are Verbal, Non-verbal, Vicarious, Delayed, and Qualified Reinforcement. They used almost all types of reinforcement, except the Delayed Reinforcement. In general, Non-verbal Reinforcement was mostly used by the teachers. The interview results showed that the students agreed that reinforcement is important and useful for them during teaching and learning process.

Penguatan Komunikasi Interpersonal Keluarga Migran di Kota Medan

Economic needs and demands for welfare are the drivers in migrating abroad as migrant workers which can often cause problems in the family. So it is necessary to build a good communication. Therefore it is important to do a strengthening of interpersonal communication within the family in order to minimize household breakage (broken home). DeVito believes that interpersonal communication is communication that occurs between two people who already have a clear relationship, including family. This writing aims to see the strengthening of the interpersonal communication of migrant families of Indonesian Workers left behind in building harmony in the household. Strengthening is given in the form of verbal reinforcement by showing attitudes, decision responses and agreements in the household between children and parents. The results of this paper indicate that the strengthening of interpersonal communication carried out by migrant families is to increase attention, encourage children's education, lead to divergent ways of thinking or look for their own initiatives

Pemberian Penguatan Verbal dan Non-verbal untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Kepahlawanan dan Patriotisme

[Title: The Provision of Verbal and Non-verbal Reinforcement to Improve Student Learning Achievement in Heroism and Patriotism Subject Matter]. The purpose of this study is to improve student learning achievement on the heroic and patriotism figures subject matter through the provision of verbal and non-verbal reinforcement. This research is a class action research (CAR) with the subject of the research were class IV students in semester 1 of SDN 2 Sandik, amounting to 28 students. Student learning achievement data were collected using test instruments and analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The results showed that the student learning achievement in the first cycle was in the medium category (mean = 5.50) increased in the second cycle (mean = 8.25) with the good category. The implementation of learning has also increased in each cycle. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the provision of verbal and non-verbal reinforcement can improve student learning achievement on the heroic and patriotism figures subject matter at SDN 2 Sandik.

The Types of Reinforcement Strategies Used by the Teacher in Motivating EFL Students at KG B Class in Bali Kiddy School

This study aimed at describing types and implementation of reinforcement strategies in motivating EFL students at KG B Class in Bali Kiddy School. This research was conducted in the second semester in the academic year of 2016/2017. The subjects of the research were a teacher and 22 students aged 5-7 years old. The data collected by two methods: observation and interview. It was found that Bali Kiddy used 5 types of reinforcement strategies, namely verbal reinforcement, gestural, contact, activity and token reinforcement. Each of these types consists of positive and negative reinforcement. For positive reinforcement Bali Kiddy used “good, very good, very good job, good job, excellent, that's good, wow, strong child, smile, nodding head, thumbs up, clap hands, hugging the student, stroking the student back, rubbing their head, outdoor playing, writing student name on board, studying on floor with teacher, more time for playing, appointed as leader of a group, storytelling, break time at computer room, sticker and write comment on student book”. For the negative reinforcements were "sssstt, tetot, forefinger in front of mouth, point the student and crossed hand in front of chest”. 5 ways of implementation were also found in study. They are: first, reinforcement was given with warmth and enthusiasm, second, negative reinforcement was avoided, third, reinforcement was emphasized on meaningfulness, fourth, reinforcement was given to both group and individual and fifth, reinforcement was given with variation in types and purposes.