scholarly journals Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Radicis-Lycopersici – the Cause of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato Cultivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Szczechura ◽  
Mirosława Staniaszek ◽  
Hanna Habdas
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Abstract Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) leading to fusarium crown and root rot is one of the most destructive soilborne diseases of tomatoes occurring in greenhouse and field crops. Physiological races of FORL were not defined but nine vegetative compatibility groups (VGCs) were identified. Infection followed by wounds and natural holes and infection is not systemic. The optimum soil temperature for pathogen development is 18°C. Infection may cause plants to wilt and die completely or infection may lower fruit quality. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici has the ability to produce a specific enzyme, tomatinase, which breaks down α-tomatine and protects the pathogen. In contrast tomato also has a defence system which consists of the enzymes chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase. Tomato resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is determined by a single dominant gene Frl, localized on the long arm of chromosome 9. It was introduced to cultivars from Licopersicum peruvianum (L.) Mill.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicus-lycopersici, Causal Organism of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato from Lycopersicon pennellii LA 1277

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 449D-449
Author(s):  
J.W. Scott ◽  
J.P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Lycopersicon pennellii accession LA 1277 was crossed to tomato (L. esculentum) and the F1 was backcrossed to tomato. Self-pollinated seed was saved from backcross plants and seedlings derived were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. radicus-lycopersici Jarvis and Shoemaker, the causal agent of Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR). Seed was saved from resistant plants that were self-pollinated and screened until homozygous resistance was verified five generations after the backcross. Three homozygous lines were crossed to Fla. 7547, a tomato breeding line susceptible to FCRR but resistant to Fusarium wilt races 1, 2, and 3. Subsequently, backcrosses were made to each parent and F2 seed were obtained. The three homozygous FCRR-resistant lines were also crossed to Ohio 89-1, which has a dominant gene for FCRR resistance presently being used in breeding programs. F2 seed were obtained from these crosses. These generations were inoculated with the FCRR pathogen. The resistant parents, F1, and backcross to the resistant parents were all healthy. The backcross to the susceptible parent and the F2 segregated healthy to susceptible plants in 1:1 and 3:1 ratios, respectively. Thus, the resistance from LA 1277 was inherited as a single dominant gene. This gene was different than the gene from Ohio 89-1 because susceptible segregants were detected in the F2 generation derived from the two resistant sources.

scholarly journals Mapping of the Frl Locus Conferring Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici(FORL) in Tomato and Identification of RAPD Markers Linked to a New Source of Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 449E-450
Author(s):  
Gennaro Fazio ◽  
Mikel R. Stevens ◽  
John W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Inoculation Procedure ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Segregating Population

Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). A single dominant gene (Frl) derived from L. peruvianum L. (Mill.) was previously identified as a useful source of resistance to FORL. The objective of this research was to identify molecular markers linked to Frl and RAPD markers linked to a new source of resistance to FORL being developed from L. pennellii (Corr.) D'Arcy accession LA1277. The DNAs of resistant (Frl) and susceptible breeding lines were screened for polymorphisms using 1200 RAPD primers. Of these, only 104 yielded polymorphisms between the resistant and susceptible lines. These polymorphisms were then tested on four additional tomato lines homozygous for Frl and an additional pair of near-isogenic lines developed by Dr. Laterrot. Only 13 primers still produced consistent polymorphisms between all resistant and susceptible lines. Four of these polymorphisms (RAPD 116, 194, 405, 655) were determined to be linked to Frl in an F5 segregating population using an inoculation procedure devised to clearly differentiate susceptible and resistant plants. The linkage between ah and Frl reported by Laterrot [Laterrot and Moretti Tomato Genet. Coop. Rep. 45:29 (1995)] places Frl on the long arm of chromosome 9 of the tomato genome. The parent lines were also tested with a sequence tagged site (STS) of TG101, which is tightly linked to Tm2a [Young et al., Genetics 120:579-585 (1988)] and yielded polymorphic codominant bands. This STS was also tested on the F5 segregating population and it cosegregated with the resistance and with the RAPD markers. Breeding of the second source of resistance is still in progress. The DNAs of 30 resistant BC1F5 plants derived from LA1277 were bulked and compared to the recurrent susceptible parent DNA using 800 RAPD primers. Of the 800 RAPD primers, 72 yielded consistent polymorphisms. None of the 72 primers were found to produce polymorphisms similar to those identified from the analysis of Frl, thus suggesting the possibility different genetic control being involved with FORL resistance from LA1277.

A histological comparison of fungal colonization in tomato seedlings susceptible or resistant to Fusarium crown and root rot disease

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brammall ◽  
V. J. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Root colonization of tomato cultivars susceptible or resistant to Fusarium crown and root rot disease, caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker, was studied histologically. In seedlings of susceptible cultivars ('Ohio MR13', 'Bonny Best', and 'Vendor') held at 22 °C, direct penetration of epidermal cells occurred by 24 h after inoculation and colonization of suberized hypodermal cells and adjacent intercellular spaces by 72 h. The cortex was colonized between 72 and 96 h after inoculation and the stele was commonly colonized by 120 to 144 h. Colonization of the cortex and stele was associated with the breakdown of parenchymatous cell walls and middle lamellae near fungal hyphae. In cultivars resistant by a single dominant gene ('CR6', 'Larma', and 'B82-865') colonization was similar to that in susceptible cultivars until 72 h after inoculation. By this time, papillae were abundant within hypodermal cells. Successful colonization of hypodermal sites was associated with the incorporation of phenolic or lignin-like materials and suberin within cell walls of the underlying cortex. These cortical wall modifications were paralleled by the deposition of electron-opaque material into cortical cell walls and middle lamellae and the production of finely granular bands around the peripheries of colonized intercellular spaces. Phenolic-containing structural defensive barriers (i.e., papillae and modified cortical cell walls) appear to be important in limiting fungal colonization in cultivars possessing single dominant gene resistance to this disease.

Control of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Tomato, Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, by Grafting onto Resistant Rootstocks

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hibar ◽  
Mejda Daami-Remadi . ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiare . ◽  
Mohamed El Mahjoub .
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Grafting Onto

scholarly journals Identification of a new molecular marker C2-25 linked to the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici resistance Frl gene in tomato

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Staniaszek ◽  
W. Szczechura ◽  
W. Marczewski
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Caps Marker ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Conserved Ortholog Set

Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Schoemaker (FORL) is a saprophytic fungus, responsible for the fusarium crown and root rot disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). This is one of the most destructive pathogens of this species. A new cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker C2-25 was developed for the detection of the dominant gene Frl, which confers tomato resistance to FORL. C2-25 was amplified from a conserved ortholog set II (COSII) sequence C2_At2g38025. The XapI-derived restriction product of 700 bp was informative for the identification of FORL resistant tomato genotypes and can be used as a diagnostic marker in tomato breeding programmes and hybrid seed production.

scholarly journals Role of the Shrub Tamarix nilotica in Dissemination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rekah ◽  
D. Shtienberg ◽  
J. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tomato Field ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Pathogen Populations

The saltcedar shrub Tamarix nilotica grows as a weed in the Arava region of Israel. This weed is commonly found in cultivated fields naturally infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, the causal agent of tomato crown and root rot. Young bushes, 20 to 40 cm tall, were randomly uprooted from different fields. The roots were cut into segments which were placed on Fusarium-selective medium. Although the plants did not show any symptoms of disease, the roots of the shrub were colonized by the pathogen. The incidence of infected saltcedar plants and level of root colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici decreased with increasing distance of the sampling location from a tomato field infected with crown and root rot. F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was also isolated from chaff of inflorescence samples taken from mature T. nilotica shrubs. Identity of the pathogen isolates obtained from T. nilotica roots and chaff samples was verified by pathogenicity and vegetative compatibility tests. Roots of T. nilotica plants sown under greenhouse conditions in soil naturally infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici became colonized by the pathogen. Uprooting and removing saltcedar plants throughout the season from fields not cultivated with tomatoes lowered the inoculum density of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in the soil from 611 to 6 and from 176 to 10 CFU/g of soil in the 1998-99 and 1999-2000 growing seasons, respectively. These results demonstrate that T. nilotica may contribute to the buildup of the pathogen populations in the absence of a susceptible host. Colonization of saltcedar by F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is an additional mechanism for survival of this pathogen in the fields and for dissemination through the spread of infested seed or chaff of T. nilotica.

scholarly journals Organic amendments conditions on the control of Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus caused by three Fusarium spp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e1009
Author(s):  
Ana I. Borrego-Benjumea ◽  
José M. Melero-Vara ◽  
María J. Basallote-Ureba
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Olive Residue

<p><em></em><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> (<em>Fo</em>), <em>F. proliferatum</em> (<em>Fp</em>) and <em>F. solani</em> (<em>Fs</em>) are causal agents associated with roots of asparagus affected by crown and root rot, a disease inflicting serious losses worldwide. The propagule viability of <em>Fusarium</em> spp. was determined on substrate artificially infested with <em>Fo</em>5<em>, Fp</em>3<em> </em>or <em>Fs</em>2 isolates,<em> </em>amended with either poultry manure (PM), its pellet (PPM), or olive residue compost (ORC) and, thereafter, incubated at 30 or 35°C for different periods. Inoculum viability was significantly affected by these organic amendments (OAs) in combination with temperature and incubation period. The greatest reduction in viability of <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs</em>2 occurred with PPM and loss of viability achieved was higher at 35°C than at 30ºC, and longer incubation period (45 days). However, the viability of <em>Fp</em>3 did not decrease greatly in most of the treatments, as compared to the infested and un-amended control, when incubated at 30ºC. After incubation, seedlings of asparagus `Grande´ were transplanted into pots containing substrates infested with the different species of <em>Fusarium</em>. After three months in greenhouse, symptoms severity in roots showed highly significant decreases, but <em>Fp</em>3 caused lower severity than <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs</em>2. Severity reduction was particularly high at 30ºC (by 15 days incubation for <em>Fs</em>2 and by 30-45 days for <em>Fo</em>5), after PPM treatment, as well as PM-2% for <em>Fo</em>5<em> </em>and <em>Fs</em>2 incubated during 30 and 45 days at both temperatures, and with ORC (15-30 days incubation). Moreover, assessment of plants fresh weight showed significantly high increases in <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs2</em>, with some rates of the three OAs tested, depending on incubation period and temperature.<br /><strong></strong></p>

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