scholarly journals Organic amendments conditions on the control of Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus caused by three Fusarium spp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e1009
Author(s):  
Ana I. Borrego-Benjumea ◽  
José M. Melero-Vara ◽  
María J. Basallote-Ureba
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Olive Residue

<p><em></em><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> (<em>Fo</em>), <em>F. proliferatum</em> (<em>Fp</em>) and <em>F. solani</em> (<em>Fs</em>) are causal agents associated with roots of asparagus affected by crown and root rot, a disease inflicting serious losses worldwide. The propagule viability of <em>Fusarium</em> spp. was determined on substrate artificially infested with <em>Fo</em>5<em>, Fp</em>3<em> </em>or <em>Fs</em>2 isolates,<em> </em>amended with either poultry manure (PM), its pellet (PPM), or olive residue compost (ORC) and, thereafter, incubated at 30 or 35°C for different periods. Inoculum viability was significantly affected by these organic amendments (OAs) in combination with temperature and incubation period. The greatest reduction in viability of <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs</em>2 occurred with PPM and loss of viability achieved was higher at 35°C than at 30ºC, and longer incubation period (45 days). However, the viability of <em>Fp</em>3 did not decrease greatly in most of the treatments, as compared to the infested and un-amended control, when incubated at 30ºC. After incubation, seedlings of asparagus `Grande´ were transplanted into pots containing substrates infested with the different species of <em>Fusarium</em>. After three months in greenhouse, symptoms severity in roots showed highly significant decreases, but <em>Fp</em>3 caused lower severity than <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs</em>2. Severity reduction was particularly high at 30ºC (by 15 days incubation for <em>Fs</em>2 and by 30-45 days for <em>Fo</em>5), after PPM treatment, as well as PM-2% for <em>Fo</em>5<em> </em>and <em>Fs</em>2 incubated during 30 and 45 days at both temperatures, and with ORC (15-30 days incubation). Moreover, assessment of plants fresh weight showed significantly high increases in <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs2</em>, with some rates of the three OAs tested, depending on incubation period and temperature.<br /><strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Characterization of Fusarium Isolates from Asparagus Fields in Southwestern Ontario and Influence of Soil Organic Amendments on Fusarium Crown and Root Rot

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Borrego-Benjumea ◽  
María J. Basallote-Ureba ◽  
José M. Melero-Vara ◽  
Pervaiz A. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) of asparagus has a complex etiology with several soilborne Fusarium spp. as causal agents. Ninety-three Fusarium isolates, obtained from plant and soil samples collected from commercial asparagus fields in southwestern Ontario with a history of FCRR, were identified as Fusarium oxysporum (65.5%), F. proliferatum (18.3%), F. solani (6.4%), F. acuminatum (6.4%), and F. redolens (3.2%) based on morphological or cultural characteristics and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with species-specific primers. The intersimple-sequence repeat PCR analysis of the field isolates revealed considerable variability among the isolates belonging to different Fusarium spp. In the in vitro pathogenicity screening tests, 50% of the field isolates were pathogenic to asparagus, and 22% of the isolates caused the most severe symptoms on asparagus. The management of FCRR with soil organic amendments of pelleted poultry manure (PPM), olive residue compost, and fish emulsion was evaluated in a greenhouse using three asparagus cultivars of different susceptibility in soils infested with two of the pathogenic isolates (F. oxysporum Fo-1.5 and F. solani Fs-1.12). Lower FCRR symptom severity and higher plant weights were observed for most treatments on ‘Jersey Giant’ and ‘Grande’ but not on ‘Mary Washington’. On all three cultivars, 1% PPM consistently reduced FCRR severity by 42 to 96% and increased plant weights by 77 to 152% compared with the Fusarium control treatment. Populations of Fusarium and total bacteria were enumerated after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of soil amendment. In amended soils, the population of Fusarium spp. gradually decreased while the population of total culturable bacteria increased. These results indicate that soil organic amendments, especially PPM, can decrease disease severity and promote plant growth, possibly by decreasing pathogen population and enhancing bacterial activity in the soil.

Control of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Tomato, Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, by Grafting onto Resistant Rootstocks

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hibar ◽  
Mejda Daami-Remadi . ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiare . ◽  
Mohamed El Mahjoub .
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Grafting Onto

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar Amendments on Mycorrhizal Associations and Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus in Replant Soils

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 960-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade H. Elmer ◽  
Joseph J. Pignatello
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
First Year ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Pyrolyzed biomass waste, commonly called biochar, has attracted interest as a soil amendment. A commercial prototype biochar produced by fast pyrolysis of hardwood dust was examined in soils to determine if it could reduce the damaging effect of allelopathy on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root colonization and on Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus. In greenhouse studies, biochar added at 1.5 and 3.0% (wt/wt) to asparagus field soil caused proportional increases in root weights and linear reductions in the percentage of root lesions caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum compared with a control. Concomitant with these effects was a 100% increase in root colonization by AM fungi at the 3.0% rate. Addition of aromatic acids (cinnamic, coumaric, and ferulic) that are known allelopathic agents affecting asparagus reduced AM colonization but the deleterious effects were not observed following the application of biochar at the higher rate. When dried, ground, asparagus root and crown tissues infested with Fusarium spp. were added to soilless potting mix at 0, 1, or 5 g/liter of potting mix and then planted with asparagus, there was a decrease in asparagus root weight and increase in disease at 1 g/liter of potting mix but results were inconsistent at the higher residue rate. However, when biochar was added at 35 g/liter of potting mix (roughly 10%, vol/vol), these adverse effects on root weight and disease were equal to the nontreated controls. A small demonstration was conducted in field microplots. Those plots amended with biochar (3.5% [wt/wt] soil) produced asparagus plants with more AM colonization in the first year of growth but, in the subsequent year, biochar-treated plants were reduced in size, possibly due to greater than average precipitation and the ability of biochar to retain moisture that, in turn, may have created conditions conducive to root rot. These studies provide evidence that biochar may be useful in overcoming the deleterious effects of allelopathic residues in replant soils on asparagus.

scholarly journals Role of the Shrub Tamarix nilotica in Dissemination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rekah ◽  
D. Shtienberg ◽  
J. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tomato Field ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Pathogen Populations

The saltcedar shrub Tamarix nilotica grows as a weed in the Arava region of Israel. This weed is commonly found in cultivated fields naturally infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, the causal agent of tomato crown and root rot. Young bushes, 20 to 40 cm tall, were randomly uprooted from different fields. The roots were cut into segments which were placed on Fusarium-selective medium. Although the plants did not show any symptoms of disease, the roots of the shrub were colonized by the pathogen. The incidence of infected saltcedar plants and level of root colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici decreased with increasing distance of the sampling location from a tomato field infected with crown and root rot. F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was also isolated from chaff of inflorescence samples taken from mature T. nilotica shrubs. Identity of the pathogen isolates obtained from T. nilotica roots and chaff samples was verified by pathogenicity and vegetative compatibility tests. Roots of T. nilotica plants sown under greenhouse conditions in soil naturally infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici became colonized by the pathogen. Uprooting and removing saltcedar plants throughout the season from fields not cultivated with tomatoes lowered the inoculum density of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in the soil from 611 to 6 and from 176 to 10 CFU/g of soil in the 1998-99 and 1999-2000 growing seasons, respectively. These results demonstrate that T. nilotica may contribute to the buildup of the pathogen populations in the absence of a susceptible host. Colonization of saltcedar by F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is an additional mechanism for survival of this pathogen in the fields and for dissemination through the spread of infested seed or chaff of T. nilotica.

scholarly journals Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Radicis-Lycopersici – the Cause of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato Cultivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Szczechura ◽  
Mirosława Staniaszek ◽  
Hanna Habdas
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Abstract Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) leading to fusarium crown and root rot is one of the most destructive soilborne diseases of tomatoes occurring in greenhouse and field crops. Physiological races of FORL were not defined but nine vegetative compatibility groups (VGCs) were identified. Infection followed by wounds and natural holes and infection is not systemic. The optimum soil temperature for pathogen development is 18°C. Infection may cause plants to wilt and die completely or infection may lower fruit quality. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici has the ability to produce a specific enzyme, tomatinase, which breaks down α-tomatine and protects the pathogen. In contrast tomato also has a defence system which consists of the enzymes chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase. Tomato resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is determined by a single dominant gene Frl, localized on the long arm of chromosome 9. It was introduced to cultivars from Licopersicum peruvianum (L.) Mill.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicus-lycopersici, Causal Organism of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato from Lycopersicon pennellii LA 1277

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 449D-449
Author(s):  
J.W. Scott ◽  
J.P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Lycopersicon pennellii accession LA 1277 was crossed to tomato (L. esculentum) and the F1 was backcrossed to tomato. Self-pollinated seed was saved from backcross plants and seedlings derived were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. radicus-lycopersici Jarvis and Shoemaker, the causal agent of Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR). Seed was saved from resistant plants that were self-pollinated and screened until homozygous resistance was verified five generations after the backcross. Three homozygous lines were crossed to Fla. 7547, a tomato breeding line susceptible to FCRR but resistant to Fusarium wilt races 1, 2, and 3. Subsequently, backcrosses were made to each parent and F2 seed were obtained. The three homozygous FCRR-resistant lines were also crossed to Ohio 89-1, which has a dominant gene for FCRR resistance presently being used in breeding programs. F2 seed were obtained from these crosses. These generations were inoculated with the FCRR pathogen. The resistant parents, F1, and backcross to the resistant parents were all healthy. The backcross to the susceptible parent and the F2 segregated healthy to susceptible plants in 1:1 and 3:1 ratios, respectively. Thus, the resistance from LA 1277 was inherited as a single dominant gene. This gene was different than the gene from Ohio 89-1 because susceptible segregants were detected in the F2 generation derived from the two resistant sources.

scholarly journals Influence of Formononetin and NaCl on Mycorrhizal Colonization and Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1318-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade H. Elmer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Vam Colonization ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Field Plots

Replanted asparagus fields commonly fail to produce a profitable stand due to alleopathic residues left behind from the previous asparagus crop, elevated densities of pathogenic Fusarium spp., and low densities of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM). Formononetin, a plant isoflavone that stimulates VAM spores to germinate, and sodium chloride (NaCl), a disease-suppressing amendment, were evaluated alone and in combination for their effect on reestablishing asparagus at two locations in abandoned asparagus fields. Greenhouse studies also were conducted with naturally and artificially infested soils. Formononetin was applied as a crown soak or soil drench, and NaCl was applied as a granular treatment. Feeder roots from soil cores sampled from field plots and from greenhouse transplants were assayed for colonization by VAM and for lesions caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum. Formononetin increased the number of VAM vesicles in roots from the field and greenhouse studies and reduced the percent root lesions caused by Fusarium spp. when compared with the nontreated controls. NaCl was more effective than formononetin in reducing the percentage of root lesions in both field and greenhouse experiment when compared with untreated plants but had no effect on VAM colonization. However, there was evidence that NaCl negated the effect of formononentin on VAM colonization. The NaCl treatment increased the May 2001 spear number by 15% and marketable spear weight by 23%. At one site, treatment with formononetin increased mean number of stalks per plant by 29% in 2000 and 14% in 2001. Both formononetin and NaCl improve growth and reduce disease of asparagus in replanted asparagus and may be useful in reestablishing asparagus in abandoned asparagus field.

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