Spine shape in sagittal and frontal planes in short- and tall-statured children aged 13 years

Central sensitization, a prolonged hyperexcitability of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons, is a major contributor to abnormal pain processing after spinal cord injury (SCI). Dendritic spines are micron-sized dendrite protrusions that can regulate the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Here we used a computational approach to study whether changes in dendritic spine shape, density, and distribution can individually, or in combination, adversely modify the input–output function of a postsynaptic neuron to create a hyperexcitable neuronal state. The results demonstrate that a conversion from thin-shaped to more mature, mushroom-shaped spine structures results in enhanced synaptic transmission and fidelity, improved frequency-following ability, and reduced inhibitory gating effectiveness. Increasing the density and redistributing spines toward the soma results in a greater probability of action potential activation. Our results demonstrate that changes in dendritic spine morphology, documented in previous studies on spinal cord injury, contribute to the generation of pain following SCI.

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Spatial patterns of variation in color and spine shape in the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma

Invertebrate Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7410.2011.00228.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 161-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rachel M. Binks ◽

Jonathan P. Evans ◽

W. Jason Kennington ◽

Jane Prince

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Heliocidaris Erythrogramma ◽

Spine Shape

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Alteration of the Spine Shape Depending on the Wearing Method and Type of Baby Carrier

Korean Journal of Human Ecology ◽

10.5934/kjhe.2017.26.5.435 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 435-444

Author(s):

Heeran Lee ◽

Kyung Hwa Hong

Keyword(s):

Spine Shape

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Variation in lifting kinematics related to individual intrinsic lumbar curvature: an investigation in healthy adults

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000374 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e000374 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anastasia V Pavlova ◽

Judith R Meakin ◽

Kay Cooper ◽

Rebecca J Barr ◽

Richard M Aspden

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Spine ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Spinal Curvature ◽

Shape Modelling ◽

Spine Shape ◽

Statistical Shape ◽

Distribution Mode ◽

Lifting Kinematics ◽

Curvature Distribution

ObjectiveLifting postures are frequently implicated in back pain. We previously related responses to a static load with intrinsic spine shape, and here we investigate the role of lumbar spine shape in lifting kinematics.MethodsThirty healthy adults (18–65 years) performedfreestyle,stoopandsquatlifts with a weighted box (6–15 kg, self-selected) while being recorded by Vicon motion capture. Internal spine shape was characterised using statistical shape modelling (SSM) from standing mid-sagittal MRIs. Associations were investigated between spine shapes quantified by SSM and peak flexion angles.ResultsTwo SSM modes described variations in overall lumbar curvature (mode 1 (M1), 55% variance) and the evenness of curvature distribution (mode 2 (M2), 12% variance). M1 was associated with greater peak pelvis (r=0.38, p=0.04) and smaller knee flexion (r=–0.40, p=0.03) angles; individuals with greater curviness preferred to lift with a stooped lifting posture. This was confirmed by analysis of those individuals with very curvy or very straight spines (|M1|>1 SD). There were no associations between peak flexion angles and mode scores instooporsquattrials (p>0.05). Peak flexion angles were positively correlated betweenfreestyleandsquattrials but not betweenfreestyleandstooporsquatandstoop, indicating that individuals adjusted knee flexion while maintaining their preferred range of lumbar flexion and that ‘squatters’ adapted better to different techniques than ‘stoopers’.ConclusionSpinal curvature affects preferred lifting styles, and individuals with curvier spines adapt more easily to different lifting techniques. Lifting tasks may need to be tailored to an individual’s lumbar spine shape.

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