scholarly journals Combination of Mating Disruption and Granulosis Virus for Control of Codling Moth in Bulgaria

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Kutinkova ◽  
Jörg Samietz ◽  
Vasiliy Dzhuvinov
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
High Population ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Central South ◽  
Trial Plot

Combination of Mating Disruption and Granulosis Virus for Control of Codling Moth in Bulgaria An application of mating disruption by use of Ecodian CP dispensers (ISAGRO, Italy) in combination with the granulosis virus product Carpovirusine 2000 (Arysta LifeScience, France) against Codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella, was tested near Plovdiv, Central South Bulgaria. In 2007, the method was applied in an orchard where in the previous year fruit damage reached 18.7% and the CM population was high, as indicated by 3.83 diapausing larvae per tree. Carpovirusine was applied 11 times in the trial plot in combination with Ecodian CP dispensers installed twice during the season. Before harvest, fruit damage in the trial plot amounted to 0.9% and the overwintering population in autumn 2007 was only 0.46 larvae per tree. At the same time in the reference orchard, where 15 insecticide treatments were applied during the season, fruit damage before harvest reached 12.3% and the hibernating population was 7.97 larvae per tree. So, it has been confirmed that combination of both methods might be an effective tool for control of codling moth in the orchards with high population density and resistance to conventional insecticides. This study is being continued.

scholarly journals Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) mating disruption outcomes in apple orchards

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
P.L. Lo ◽  
R.M. Horner ◽  
N.M. Park ◽  
J.G. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

New Zealand apple growers need to produce crops that satisfy conflicting export market requirements Some markets want pestfree fruit while others demand residuefree fruit Pheromone mating disruption combined with the judicious use of insecticides enables crops to meet both demands This study in 14 Hawkes Bay apple orchards showed that seasonal pheromone trap catch was reduced by 70 from 401 codling moths/trap in the season before mating disruption was introduced to 117 moths/trap over the subsequent five seasons In the same period insecticide use reduced from 59 applications/season in 2006 07 to 23 in 200708 and 37 since 200809 The incidence of larvae in fruit where mating disruption operated averaged 001 which was lower than in orchards using insecticides only Damage increased from 200809 with greater reliance on codling moth granulosis virus over residual insecticides Nevertheless mating disruption with 34 insecticide sprays controlled codling moth to the high standard needed

scholarly journals Development of multiple species mating disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers (Lepidoptera Tortricidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Lo ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
R.M. Horner ◽  
D.I. Hedderley
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and leafrollers principally lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) are key pests of apples Pheromone mating disruption has until now required separate dispensers to be deployed for each pest group With 6001000 dispensers per ha for each species application costs are a significant factor limiting the wider adoption of multispecies mating disruption in New Zealand apple orchards The aim was to integrate the two disruption systems into a single dispenser and evaluate its performance against that of separate dispensers in paired block comparisons on four apple orchards The three measures of effectiveness pheromone trap catch suppression of moth mating and fruit damage at harvest all showed no statistical differences between the two treatments The performance of the new combination pheromone dispenser was equivalent to that when the two dispensers were deployed separately

scholarly journals Recruitment sex ratios in gray-tailed voles (Microtus canicaudus) in response to density, sex ratio, and season

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1306-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L Bond ◽  
Jerry O Wolff ◽  
Sven Krackow
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
High Population ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratio Adjustment

We tested predictions associated with three widely used hypotheses for facultative sex-ratio adjustment of vertebrates using eight enclosed populations of gray-tailed voles, Microtus canicaudus. These were (i) the population sex ratio hypothesis, which predicts that recruitment sex ratios should oppose adult sex-ratio skews, (ii) the local resource competition hypothesis, which predicts female-biased recruitment at low adult population density and male-biased recruitment at high population density, and (iii) the first cohort advantage hypothesis, which predicts that recruitment sex ratios should be female biased in the spring and male biased in the autumn. We monitored naturally increasing population densities with approximately equal adult sex ratios through the spring and summer and manipulated adult sex ratios in the autumn and measured subsequent sex ratios of recruits. We did not observe any significant sex-ratio adjustment in response to adult sex ratio or high population density; we did detect an influence of time within the breeding season, with more female offspring observed in the spring and more male offspring observed in the autumn. Significant seasonal increases in recruitment sex ratios indicate the capacity of female gray-tailed voles to manipulate their offspring sex ratios and suggest seasonal variation in the relative reproductive value of male and female offspring to be a regular phenomenon.

Aggregations of masked shrews ( Sorex cinereus ): density-related mating behavior? / Agrégation de musaraignes masquées ( Sorex cinereus ): accouplement relatif à la densité de la population?

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Maier ◽  
Katherine L. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
High Population ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Sorex Cinereus

AbstractLarge aggregations of shrews have been reported and various explanations offered for this seemingly rare behavior; however, there has been little evidence to support any particular interpretation. We observed two small aggregations of highly active vocalizing Sorex cinereus while performing wildlife surveys in forested habitats in central Massachusetts, USA. These observations, in conjunction with a review of other reports, including genetic analyses, strongly suggest that such aggregations of adult Sorex are associated with mating behavior, more readily observed during periods of high population density. Published accounts of such behavior may be rare because primarily large aggregations have been reported; however, smaller breeding aggregations may be common.

Analysis of steroid hormone levels in female mice at high population density

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C Chapman ◽  
John J Christian ◽  
Mary Ann Pawlikowski ◽  
Sandra D Michael
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
High Population ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Female Mice

Exclusion netting may alter reproduction of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and prevent associated fruit damage to apple orchards

2012 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Sauphanor ◽  
Guilhem Severac ◽  
Sandrine Maugin ◽  
Jean François Toubon ◽  
Yvan Capowiez
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Fruit Damage
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