Background and Aims:
liver cirrhosis (LC) of any origin has always been a source of several emergencies for physicians
working at the Emergency Department (ER). LC patients can present with several complications that are sometimes difficult to recognize and treat.
Thus, we reviewed the literature evidences for the diagnosis and management of several LC related emergencies.
Methods:
We conducted a search on the main medical databases for papers, reviews, metanalyses, case series, and RCTs using the
following keywords and their associations: liver cirrhosis, variceal hemorrhage, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepato-renal syndrome, emergency.
Results:
Main LC emergencies are upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, decompensated ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,
hepatic encephalopathy, hepato-renal syndrome. Their management is partly medical and interventional. Very often, the final cure of
some complications, such as hepato-renal syndrome, is represented by liver transplantation.
Conclusions:
Although LC prevalence is going to fall in the following years, due to HBV and HCV optimized treatments, its complications represent a significant admission percentage at the ER and challenge for physicians’ skills.
RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF AMMONIA LEVELS ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY APPLYING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
