Is genital herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) associated with high risk sexual behaviours?

The epidemiology of genital herpes is changing with evidence to suggest an increasing incidence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections. The results of 6529 HSV genital cultures taken between April 1998 and December 2001 were reviewed. Overall, HSV-1 was recovered more often than HSV-2; 1213 versus 1045. This trend was particularly striking in young women 30 years of age or less, in whom 70.8% of isolates were HSV-1. In men of the same age range, 45% of isolates were HSV-1. The proportion of women with HSV-1 declined from 73.7% in those younger than 31 years of age to 4.5% in those older than 60 years of age.These observations have important implications. The decline in the relative proportion of HSV-1 isolates from young adults may be the result of changing sexual practices, changing susceptibility or increased exposure to HSV-1 during vaginal intercourse. In this setting HSV-2 vaccines may be less likely to produce the desired reduction in the overall prevalence of genital herpes infections.

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 in Europe: systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regressions

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002388 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. e002388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wajiha Yousuf ◽

Hania Ibrahim ◽

Manale Harfouche ◽

Farah Abu Hijleh ◽

Laith Abu-Raddad

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Genital Herpes ◽

Virus Type ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

Sexual Debut ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Hsv 1

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in Europe.MethodsWe systematically reviewed HSV-1 related publications, conducted various meta-analyses and meta-regressions, assessed pooled mean seroprevalence, and estimated pooled mean proportions of HSV-1 viral detection in clinically diagnosed genital ulcer disease (GUD) and in genital herpes.ResultsWe extracted, from 142 relevant records, 179 overall (622 stratified) seroprevalence measures, 4 overall proportions of HSV-1 in GUD and 64 overall (162 stratified) proportions of HSV-1 in genital herpes. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 67.4% (95% CI 65.5% to 69.3%) with 32.5% (95% CI 29.4% to 35.7%) of children and 74.4% (95% CI 72.8% to 76.0%) of adults infected. Pooled seroprevalence increased steadily with age, being lowest in those aged <20 years (39.3%, 95% CI 35.9% to 42.7%) and highest in those aged >50 years (82.9%, 95% CI 78.8% to 86.6%). Pooled seroprevalence decreased yearly by 0.99-fold (95% CI 0.99 to 1.00). Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection was 13.6% (95% CI 4.1% to 27.1%) in GUD, 34.1% (95% CI 31.7% to 36.5%) in genital herpes and 49.3% (95% CI 42.2% to 56.4%) in first episode genital herpes. Pooled proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes increased yearly by 1.01-fold (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02), with higher detection in women (42.0%, 95% CI 37.4% to 46.7%) than men (24.1%, 95% CI 19.8% to 28.6%).ConclusionsHSV-1 epidemiology is transitioning away from its historical pattern of oral acquisition in childhood. Every year, seroprevalence is declining by 1% and the proportion of HSV-1 in genital herpes is increasing by 1%. As many as two-thirds of children are reaching sexual debut unexposed, and at risk of HSV-1 genital acquisition in adulthood.

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Application of shRNA-containing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based gene therapy for HSV-2-induced genital herpes

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.06.037 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 193 (2) ◽

pp. 353-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhihong Liu ◽

Yang Xiang ◽

Zhun Wei ◽

Bo Yu ◽

Yong Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Genital Herpes ◽

Virus Type ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Evades the Effects of Antibody and Complement In Vivo

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.76.18.9232-9241.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (18) ◽

pp. 9232-9241 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

John M. Lubinski ◽

Ming Jiang ◽

Lauren Hook ◽

Yueh Chang ◽

Chad Sarver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Virus Type ◽

Immune Evasion ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

Complement Components ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes a complement-interacting glycoprotein, gC, and an immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc binding glycoprotein, gE, that mediate immune evasion by affecting multiple aspects of innate and acquired immunity, including interfering with complement components C1q, C3, C5, and properdin and blocking antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Previous studies evaluated the individual contributions of gC and gE to immune evasion. Experiments in a murine model that examines the combined effects of gC and gE immune evasion on pathogenesis are now reported. Virulence of wild-type HSV-1 is compared with mutant viruses defective in gC-mediated C3 binding, gE-mediated IgG Fc binding, or both immune evasion activities. Eliminating both activities greatly increased susceptibility of HSV-1 to antibody and complement neutralization in vitro and markedly reduced virulence in vivo as measured by disease scores, virus titers, and mortality. Studies with C3 knockout mice indicated that other activities attributed to these glycoproteins, such as gC-mediated virus attachment to heparan sulfate or gE-mediated cell-to-cell spread, do not account for the reduced virulence of mutant viruses. The results support the importance of gC and gE immune evasion in vivo and suggest potential new targets for prevention and treatment of HSV disease.

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