scholarly journals Phonecardoperated payphones in buses in Brazil

DAT Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Wagner de Souza Tavares
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
Bus Transport

Payphones were installed in public buses in Brazil. These payphones worked with same phonecards used in tradicional payphones or with specific phonecards produced by telecommunication companies in collaboration with bus transport companies. The objectives of this study were to identify the buses installed with payphones in Brazil, chronology, payphone system, and phonecard type (whether tradicional or specific). The specific phonecards were described. A mobile phone-type payphone working with tradicional phonecards, developed by Telecomunicações da Paraíba S.A. (TELPA; João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil) and installed in 1994 on Rogetur Transporte e Turismo Ltda. transport company buses, is the first consolidate case of a payphone used in a bus in Brazil. Specific phonecards developed by Globalstar, Inc. (Covington, Louisiana, United States of America) in 2000 were used in payphones installed on Viação Itapemirim S.A. and Empresa de Ônibus Nossa Senhora da Penha S.A. transport company buses.

Thinking About Scots Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rodger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

This article is the revised text of the first W A Wilson Memorial Lecture, given in the Playfair Library, Old College, in the University of Edinburgh, on 17 May 1995. It considers various visions of Scots law as a whole, arguing that it is now a system based as much upon case law and precedent as upon principle, and that its departure from the Civilian tradition in the nineteenth century was part of a general European trend. An additional factor shaping the attitudes of Scots lawyers from the later nineteenth century on was a tendency to see themselves as part of a larger Englishspeaking family of lawyers within the British Empire and the United States of America.

Off to a bad start: John Adams’s tussle over titles

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Alexander
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
John Adams ◽  
The Press ◽  
First Session

From the first days, of the first session, of the first Congress of the United States, the Senate was consumed by an issue that would do immense and lasting political harm to the sitting vice president, John Adams. The issue was a seemingly unimportant one: titles. Adams had strong opinions on what constituted a proper title for important officers of government and, either because he was unconcerned or unaware of the damage it would cause, placed himself in the middle of the brewing dispute. Adams hoped the president would be referred to as, “His highness, the President of the United States of America, and Protector of the Rights of the Same.” The suggestion enraged many, amused some, and was supported by few. He lost the fight over titles and made fast enemies with several of the Senators he was constitutionally obligated to preside over. Adams was savaged in the press, derided in the Senate and denounced by one of his oldest and closest friends. Not simply an isolated incident of political tone-deafness, this event set the stage for the campaign against Adams as a monarchist and provided further proof of his being woefully out of touch.

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