scholarly journals Modern Methods of Treatment for Proximal Ureterolithiasis

Health of Man ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Ozhogin

Urolithiasis is a disease characterized by the formation of stones in the urinary tract. According to statistics, SCC causes about 30% of hospitalizations in the urology department. Treatment of SCC is divided into conservative and operative. The choice of method depends on age, clinical course of the disease, general condition of the patient, anatomical and functional condition of the kidneys and the size of the localization of the calculus. Methods of treatment of SC have changed significantly in recent years. Due to the technical achievements of the method of open ureterolithotomy, which was once the standard method of treatment of so-called «complicated» concretions of the ureter, evolved into a laparoscopic ureterolithotomy, and with the advent of ultrasonic and laser lithotriptors – began the newest era of minimally invasive urology– extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and endourology: antegrade percutaneous ureterolithotripsy, retrograde ureteroscopic lithotripsy and flexible retrograde uretherolithotripsy (FURS). The purpose of the work – on the basis of scientific literature to assess the effectiveness, safety and profitability of modern methods of surgical treatment for proximal ureterolithiasis. During the scientific research, attention was paid to the following parameters: stone free rate (SFR), postoperative pain level, need for painkillers, number of postoperative bed-days, presence of postoperative fever, hemoglobin level, need for blood transfusion, and on the economic component during the implementation of a technique. The principles of treatment of patients with large proximal ureterolithiasis are described in the clinical guidelines of the European and American Associations of Urologists. However, for example, which of the 3 proposed methods of treatment of large proximal ureterolithiasis to choose – there is no consensus from the world urological community. Percutaneous antegrade ureterolithotripsy is the preferred method of choice in patients with large proximal ureteral stones that cannot be removed by contact or extracorporeal ureterolithotripsy, characterized by a high level of absence of stones and minimal complications, optimal post operative and high indicators of economic attractiveness of this technique.

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Hegazy ◽  
M I Ahmed ◽  
A F M Abdelgawad

Abstract Background Urinary stone disease or nephrolithiasis, the third most common disease of the urinary tract is a major health problem due to its high prevalence, incidence and recurrence. The lifetime incidence of kidney stones for men and women is approximately 13% and 7% respectively. Although stones may be asymptomatic, potential consequences include abdominal and flank pain, nausea and vomiting, urinary tract obstruction, infection, and procedure-related morbidity. Ureteral stones frequently cause renal colic and if left untreated can cause obstructive uropathy. Objectives A prospective randomized study to compare between extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and rigid ureteroscopy in mid-ureteric stone treatment regarding efficacy, stone-free rate, retreatment rates, associated complications (intra-operative and post-operative), operative duration, hospital stay. Patients and Methods This study was performed at Ain Shams University (Urology department) and El Doaah hospital (Urology department), From August 2016 to August 2017, a total of 50 patients having solitary radiopaque middle ureteral stone ranges between 0.5 – 1.5 in size were divided into two groups 25 patients each enrolled in our prospective study. Results In this study the overall stone free rate was considered after two sessions of ESWL (in case of ESWL group) or one trial of ureteroscopy (in case of URS group). ESWL group: 14 cases became stone free after the first session, while the remaining 11 out of 25 patients needed second session, 6 cases became stone free after the second session. ESWL failure occurred in 5 cases and they were successfully managed by ureteroscopy. URS group: 23 cases became stone free after first ureteroscopy, while the remaining 2 patients needed second ureteroscopy due to proximal migration of the stone. In ESWL group, patients were already at outpatient clinic so there were no admission or hospital stay, all cases done without anesthesia, just analgesic ± sedation. While in URS group patients admitted and the hospital stay varies from one day to seven days according to the condition of the case, all URS cases had Spinal anesthesia. ESWL was shown to be less time consuming than URS with a mean operative time of 46.84±3.61 minutes versus 56.20±7.11 minutes respectively. In URS group there were 22 patients had ureteric catheter inserted for 24 to 72 hours postoperatively and 3 patients had double (J) stent inserted for 4 weeks postoperatively, while all the patients who underwent ESWL, no auxiliary procedure done as this procedure is completely non-invasive. Among ESWL cases, No case had an intra-operative complication, while URS group had 3 cases of intra-operative complication. There were 4 cases who had post-operative complications among ESWL group, while there were 5 cases who had post-operative complications among URS group. Conclusion In treatment of mid-ureteral stones range 0.5-1.5 in size, both URS and ESWL modalities are comparable but URS is recommended as a first option as it is more effective than ESWL regarding stone free rate and it provides immediate stone clearance with lower re-treatment rates and higher patient satisfaction, but URS requires anesthesia, longer hospitalization, and associated with a higher incidence of complications.


2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio César Miranda Torricelli ◽  
Alexandre Danilovic ◽  
Fábio Carvalho Vicentini ◽  
Giovanni Scala Marchini ◽  
Miguel Srougi ◽  
...  

The use of certain technical principles and the selection of favorable cases can optimize the results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The aim of this study is to review how ESWL works, its indications and contraindications, predictive factors for success, and its complications. A search was conducted on the Pubmed® database between January 1984 and October 2013 using "shock wave lithotripsy" and "stone" as key-words. Only articles with a high level of evidence, in English, and conducted in humans, such as clinical trials or review/meta-analysis, were included. To optimize the search for the ESWL results, several technical factors including type of lithotripsy device, energy and frequency of pulses, coupling of the patient to the lithotriptor, location of the calculus, and type of anesthesia should be taken into consideration. Other factors related to the patient, stone size and density, skin to stone distance, anatomy of the excretory path, and kidney anomalies are also important. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not necessary, and routine double J stent placement before the procedure is not routinely recommended. Alpha-blockers, particularly tamsulosin, are useful for stones >10mm. Minor complications may occur following ESWL, which generally respond well to clinical interventions. The relationship between ESWL and hypertension/diabetes is not well established.


2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Edmundas Štarolis ◽  
Laimutis Andreika ◽  
Egidijus Gatelis ◽  
Valdemaras Dasevičius ◽  
Darius Šilinis

Edmundas Štarolis, Laimutis Andreika, Egidijus Gatelis, Valdemaras Dasevičius, Darius ŠilinisVilniaus miesto universitetinės ligoninės Urologijos skyrius,Antakalnio g. 57 LT-10207 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Ekstrakorporinė smūginės bangos litotripsija dažniausia yra pirmo pasirinkimo būdas gydant šlapimtakių akmenligę. Mes įvertinome akmenų dilimo ir išsivalymo rezultatus, atsižvelgdami į akmenų padėtį, dydį, hidronefrozės laipsnį, akmens įstrigimo šlapimtakyje laiką, inkstų dieglių skausmus. Ligoniai ir metodai Atlikus retrospektyvųjį tyrimą, įvertinti 362 ligonių 371 šlapimtakių akmens šalinimo rezultatai. Nuo 2003 m. sausio 1 d. iki 2004 m. gruodžio 31 d. atliktos 702 gydymo procedūros. Akmenų padėtis ir dydis buvo įvertinami apžvalginės urogramos ar intraveninių urogramų būdu, inkstų diegliai ir akmenų įstrigimo laikas – iš anamnezės ir klinikinių duomenų, hidronefrozės laipsnis – atliekant ultragarsinį inkstų tyrimą ir intravenines urogramas. Skilimo rezultatas įvertintas išrašant ligonį iš stacionaro, likusių fragmentų pasišalinimas – po 3 mėnesių rentgenografijos būdu. Gydymas buvo neveiksmingas, jei rasti likę 4 mm ar didesni fragmentai. Rezultatai Šlapimtakių viršutinio ir apatinio trečdalio akmenys statistiškai reikšmingai geriau fragmentuojasi ir išsivalo negu vidurinio trečdalio. Lyginant viršutinio ir apatinio trečdalio akmenų šalinimo rezultatus, skirtumo nerasta. Inkstų diegliai neturėjo įtakos nei fragmentacijos, nei išsivalymo rezultatams. Hidronefrozės laipsnis turėjo įtakos skilimo rezultatams (didesnio hidronefrozės laipsnio naudai), bet lyginant pagal šį požymį išsivalymo rezultatus, statistiškai reikšmingo skirtumo nepastebėta. Pagal gydymo baigties priklausomybę nuo akmens įstrigimo šlapimtakyje laiko, fragmentacijos rezultatai nesiskyrė, bet išsivalymas statistiškai reikšmingai geresnis, jei akmuo įstrigęs mažiau nei prieš 1 mėn. Dažniausia rezultatai skyrėsi grupių, suskirstytų pagal akmenų dydį: gauta atvirkštinė gydymo rezultatų priklausomybė tiek fragmentacijos, tiek išsivalymo atžvilgiu. Išvados Geriausi gydymo rezultatai gauti šalinant šlapimtakių viršutinio ir apatinio trečdalio nedidelius (iki 7 mm), neseniai (iki 1 mėn.) įstrigusius akmenis. Inkstų diegliai neturėjo įtakos gydymo rezultatams. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ekstrakorporinė smūginės bangos litotripsija, šlapimtakių akmenligė, gydymas Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment of ureteral stones Edmundas Štarolis, Laimutis Andreika, Egidijus Gatelis, Valdemaras Dasevičius, Darius ŠilinisVilnius City University Hospital, Department of Urology,Antakalnio g. 57 LT-10207 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is considered as a first line treatment for the majority of ureteral stones. We investigated fragmentation and stone-free rates, depending of their localization, presence of renal colic, degree of hydronephrosis, the impact time and size of the stones. Patients and methods There is a retrospective study evaluating treatment of 371 ureteral stones for 362 patients in our department since January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2004. A total of 702 treatment sessions have been performed. Localization and size of the stones were evaluated by plain X-ray and / or intravenous pyelography. Presence or absence of renal colic, the time of impact were evaluated by anamnesis and clinical features and the degree of hydronephrosis by ultrasound and / or intravenous pyelography. The fragmentation rate has been evaluated before discharging and stone-free rate 3 months later by X-ray. Treatment failure has been considered, if 4 mm or larger fragments were still present. Results Stones in the upper and lower ureter, comparing with those in the middle, had a statistically significantly better fragmentation and stone-free rates. There was no significant difference in the treatment results between the upper and lower ureter stones. Presence or absence of renal colic did not correlate with fragmentation nor stone-free rates. The degree of hydronephrosis correlated with fragmentation rate in favour of a higher dilatation group, but not with a stone-free rate. Fragmentation rate did not correlate with the time of impact, but a correlation has been found comparing these two groups by stone-free rate, in favour of the shorter time of impact. The correlation was best comparing the groups according to the size of stones. The smaler stone-size groups demonstrated a statistically significantly better fragmentation as well as higher stone-free rates. Conclusions We found extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment most effective for treating the upper and lower ureter, smaller size (< 7 mm), shorter time of impact (less than 1 month) stones. Presence or absence of renal colic did not correlate with fragmentation nor stone-free rates. Keywords: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, ureteral calculi, treatment


1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
F. Merlo ◽  
E. Cicerello ◽  
P. Checchin ◽  
L. Faggiano ◽  
G. Anselmo

— The aim of this work has been to check the frequency and to assess which manoeuvres are necessary in treating the steinstrasse after ESWL. 1779 patients (1360 with renal and 419 with ureteral stones) underwent in-situ ESWL. 68 patients developed a steinstrasse in the immediate 24 hours following treatment. In 85% of the cases (58/68) there was dilation of the urinary tract. In 39 patients the steinstrasse was spontaneously eliminated within 10 days, while in the remaning 29 an auxiliary manoeuvre was necessary. These manoeuvres required further admittance to hospital or prolungation of stay, but created no statistically significant differences in the stone free rate 2 months after treatment (96 and 97% respectively, p< 0.001). Our experience would indicate that the incidence of steinstrasse after ESWL in situ is quite low (3.8%) and the necessity for auxiliary manoeuvres is extremely rare (1.6%).


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
O. A. Egorova ◽  
K. A. Novikov

Presented current data on the etiology of rosacea, the main aspects of pathogenesis, clinical forms of the disease. Reflects trigger factors leading to rosacea, as well as complicating its course. Modern methods of treatment are described, including the use of new safe preparations of ivermectin and brimonidine, providing a good, lasting effect of clinical manifestations of rosacea. The role of laser technology, actively occupying a leading place in the choice of physiotherapeutic treatment method, is noted. The need for an individual approach in the choice of therapy for each patient with rosacea is emphasized.


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