The American River? The Mississippi River in Global Historical Perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H Chick ◽  
Robert J Cosgriff ◽  
Lori S Gittinger

In river–floodplain ecosystems with seasonal flood pulses, many species display adaptations to take advantage of resources in the aquatic–terrestrial transition zone. Frugivory and seed dispersal by fishes is a clear example of such adaptations, known primarily from South American river–floodplain systems. Here, we document consumption of red mulberry (Morus rubra) and swamp privet (Forestiera acuminata) fruit by channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in the floodplain of the Mississippi River, U.S.A., and demonstrate that red mulberry and swamp privet seeds will germinate after being consumed by channel catfish. In a common-garden experiment, consumption of fruits and seeds by channel catfish improved germination success of these riparian plants relative to a treatment simulating fruit dropped during a flood without being consumed by fish. This is the first study to provide evidence of frugivory and viability of seeds ingested by fish in a North American river–floodplain ecosystem. Frugivory and seed dispersal by fishes may be more widespread than previously thought.


Author(s):  
Charles R. Cobb

This brief section emphasizes the importance of migration in understandings of landscape under conditions of colonialism. By relying on the notion of positionality, the author explains why this topic is of personal as well as professional interest. The introduction and work as a whole reflect a historical perspective that emphasizes the concrete daily lives of Native Americans during the colonial era as conveyed through the landscape. The structural unfolding of colonialism, mercantilism, and capitalism serve as a backdrop to small-scale histories ranging from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean, which fail to come together as a tidy, linear history. It was one where the larger ambitions of colonial powers were leveraged, countered, and thwarted not only by Native Americans, but by the very colonial representatives who were meant to carry them out. The introduction also defines some key terms used in the book and clarifies why certain case studies were used and others excluded.


Author(s):  
Anthony Paparo ◽  
Judy A. Murphy ◽  
Robert Dean

In the mid-1950's, fingernail clams virtually disappeared from a 100-mile section of the IL River, a tributary of the Mississippi River, due to unknown causes. A survey of the bottom fauna of the IL River in 1979, revealed that the clams were still absent from the middle reach of the River, where they had been abundant prior to the die-off in the 1950's. Some factor(s) in the River currently prevent the clams from recolonizing areas where they were formerly abundant. Recently, clams exposed to fluoride developed abnormal grooves in the shell matrix. Fluorides are known to be protoplasmic poisons removing essential body calcium by precipitation. Since the shell consists primarily of Ca carbonate, this investigation examines the possible role of fluoride on shell formation and the poisoning of the Ca pump which can directly inhibit lateral ciliary activity on the gill.


1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
Charles F. Koopmann, ◽  
Willard B. Moran

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