Periodic Limb Movements and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

2016 ◽  
pp. 205-224
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

scholarly journals Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. e38-e49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Sharon ◽  
Arthur Scott Walters ◽  
Narong Simakajornboon
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs

Introduction Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) have been studied more than any other sleep-related movement disorder in the pediatric population. A common feature to both, periodic limb movements, occurs in many other disorders and also in reportedly healthy children and adolescents. In this review, we discuss the different types of limb movements as it pertains to pediatric RLS and PLMD and provides an update on these disorders. Methods A literature search was performed with the following inclusion criteria: English publication, limb movements, leg movements, periodic limb movements of sleep, periodic limb movements during wake, PLMD, RLS, with each of the modifiers, children, pediatric, and adolescents. Identified publications were reviewed and their reference lists were searched for additional relevant publications. Results A total of 102 references were included in this review. These included epidemiological studies, prospective and retrospective studies, case series, observational data, reviews, and consensus guidelines. A critical summary of these findings is presented. Conclusion The limited evidence-based data support the importance of evaluating limb movements in the context of the clinical symptomatology presented by the child or the adolescent. Further research is needed to (1) better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in periodic limb movements as encountered in the pediatric PLMD or RLS patient and their impact on the overall health and well-being, (2) develop objective diagnostic criteria for RLS and differentiate it from its “mimics” in the pediatric population, and (3) establish evidence-based guidelines for treatment.

scholarly journals Periodic Limbic Movement Disorder during Sleep as Diabetes-Related Syndrome? A Polysomnographic Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rizzi ◽  
M. Barrella ◽  
G. D. Kotzalidis ◽  
M. Bevilacqua
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ◽  
Metabolism Regulation

Introduction. Periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMs) is common in the elderly. When quality-of-life drops due to sleep disturbances, we speak about periodic limb movement disorder during sleep (PLMD). Another similar disorder, restless legs syndrome (RLS), is considered to be related to diabetes; RLS and PLMDs are genetically related. Our aim was to detect PLMDs in a population of diabetic patients and identify them as possible hallmarks of these autonomic disorders. Material and Methods. We selected 41 type-2 diabetics with no sleep comorbidity, and compared them with 38 healthy matched volunteers. All participants underwent the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and polysomnography (PSG). A periodic limb movement (PLM) index >5, that is, the higher number of PLMs/sleep hour for the entire night, was considered as abnormal. Results. Diabetics showed lower sleep efficiency than controls on the ESS, lower proportions of REM and non-REM sleep, and higher arousal and PLM indexes, as assessed through PSG. PLMDs were diagnosed in 13 of 41 diabetic patients (31%); the latter showed lower sleep efficiency, lower non-REM slow-wave sleep, and increased arousal and PLM indexes. Conclusion. The relationship between PLMs-related sleep fragmentation and endocrine carbohydrate metabolism regulation might be casual or genetically determined. This deserves further investigations.

Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Accardo
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis Ekbom disease (WED), is a sensory disorder with a circadian component. An irresistible urge to move the legs disrupts sleep onset and maintenance. Periodic limb movements in sleep, semirhythmic in nature, often overlap with RLS, though periodic limb movement disorder can be diagnosed in the absence of RLS’s distinctive sensory symptoms. Disruptions in dopaminergic pathways, iron metabolism, and the opioid system have all been implicated in pathogenesis, and there is a strong genetic component. RLS is common, affecting 5% to 10% of adults. Its best-known treatments are dopamine agonists; however, other treatments are effective.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document