6. Redeveloping Montpellier’S Suburban High-Rises: National Policy Meets Local Activism In The Debate Over Public Space

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-141
2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Pokorná

Lajos Kossuth (1802–1894) has been the symbol of not only the revolution in Hungary in 1848 but also of the Hungarian national movement in general. The article draws attention to some major published reflections of Hungarian politics and mainly its representatives in the Czech press in 1848–1852 with particular focus on Lajos Kossuth in the texts by the journalists Karel Havlíček (periodical production) and Ludwig Rittersberg (Kapesní slovníček novinářský a konversační /A Pocket Dictionary of Journalism and Conversation/). With respect to the genre diversity of their publications (the periodically issued press in the case of Havlíček and collected works, albeit of journalistic character, in the case of Rittersberg), however, it would be almost purposeless to compare these two testimonies of the period in question in detail. Each of them fulfilled their role in the public space: one was engaged in news reporting, whereas the other, after some time, remembered the values, people or events gradually forgotten in the changing political situation after the defeat of the revolution. Although Havlíček and Rittersberg were not in entire ideological agreement and alienated during the revolutionary period, they both criticised Kossuth’s national policy towards Slavs. Havlíček’s Národní noviny [National Newspaper] and his Slovan [The Slav] as well as his publication Duch Národních novin [The Spirit of the National Newspaper] and Epištoly kutnohorské [The Kutná Hora Epistles] were officially forbidden in 1850–1851; likewise the publication of Rittersberg’s work in the Austrian monarchy was forcibly interrupted at the entry ‘Medakovič’ in 1852. In this connection, the author also mentions the prepared glossary of another part of Rittersberg’s work, which remains unprocessed in the Literary Archives of the Museum of Czech Literature, paying attention to Rittersberg’s focus on major Hungarian figures, life and institutions. In the next part of the work, the author, based on her analysis of the list of prohibited publications (Chronologicko-abecední seznam tisků zakazáných v monarchii podle nařízení ministerstva vnitra z roku 1851 a tiskového nařízení policejních úřadů z roku 1852 /A Chronological-Alphabetical List of Publications Prohibited in the Monarchy According to a Decree of the Ministry of the Interior of 1851 and a Press Regulation of Police Authorities of 1852/) has provided specific examples of the restrictions to which the books published on the topic of Hungarian revolution had been subjected. Nevertheless, the governmental authorities were not satisfied with the policy of prohibiting individual publications, so that, in the end, a ban was imposed on 3 March 1853 on any information on Kossuth as well as on the Italian revolutionary Mazzini and on their ‘treacherous proclamations’.


2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algis Vyšniūnas

This paper is about public spirit, national monuments and a sign system in Lukiškės Square in Vilnius. Such a system is a part of national Policy, therefore, one should keep distinct the pure artistical and national identity ideas. Nowadays a sense of national pride is very important and at the same time a real problem in Lithuania. A nation always has an essential place, a system of symbols or an extraordinary monument. Lithuania is only getting ready to consider the issue of monuments and signs in all its aspects. That is why, according to the rules of Lukiškės Square architectural competition, it is demanded to solve this problem. A representative function is required. „The memory of an unknown partisan and fighter for Lithuania’s freedom will be memorialized“ a slogan incused on a stone panel proclaims in Lukiškės Square. But there are still no results. The conception of public space is unidentified, so an urban space and ordinary functional aspects are always muddled up. West European public space practice indicates that Renaissance squares are the most popular, multifunctional public spaces. The space system and nominal space hierarchy are very complicated and indefinite, therefore, the final result is under diferent interpretations. Memorialization of dedication to fighters for Lithuania’s freedom is of great importance, but practical square formation aspects, such as parking, fountain construction, etc., are also important. The Lithuanian Parliament adopted a resolution on Lukiškės Square functions (11 Feb. 1999), but pursuancee belongs to the Municipality. That is a mistake and a real problem because the Municipality’s activities are not transparent. Such problems must be solved by a Steering Committee which must be formed. Otherwise a qualitative result is impossible. In 2008 Lukiškės Square architectural competition was proclaimed. The format of the main task is double – urban and artistical aspects are declared. The result of this competition is an abstract artistical accent, but not a real representative memorial. The purpose of this work is to reveal the formation process of Lukiškės Square as the main square of Lithuania. The basic principles of the Square formation and those of erecting a monument to the Lithuanian freedom fighters are presented. Santrauka 2008 m. paskelbtas Lukiškių aikštės sutvarkymo ir simbolio „Laisvė“ projekto sukūrimo konkursas. Vertinimo komisija išrinko 7 geriausius konkursinius projektus. Šie rezultatai sukėlė daug diskusijų, nes neaišku, ar tikrai pasiektas pagrindinis konkurso tikslas – įprasminti Laisvės kovas ir pagerbti tų kovų dalyvių atminimą? Nors yra labai konkretus LR Seimo nutarimas „Dėl Lukiškių aikštės funkcijų“, vis tiek lieka neaiškus Lukiškių aikštės statusas: ar ji yra valstybinio rango aikštė, ar paprasta vieša savivaldybės erdvė? Kai neaiškus aikštės statusas, neaiškus ir tikslo realizavimo mechanizmas bei priemonės. Straispnyje apžvelgiami pagrindiniai Lukiškių aikštės urbanistinės plėtros etapai, įvertinant ne tik realizacijas, bet ir visas idėjas, profesines koncepcijas. Pagrindinis straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti Lukiškių aikštės formavimo mechanizmus, bet ne komentuoti atskirus meninius pasiūlymus. Straipsnyje nekomentuojami atskirų suinteresuotų socialinių ir politinių grupių pareiškimai, taip pat tariamai moksliniai pranešimai viešųjų ryšių renginiuose ir akcijose. Taip pat nediskutuojama apie grynojo meno paskirtį ir santykį su mokslu ir politika. Išvadose pateikiami Lukiškių aikštės urbanistinio formavimo ir paminklo Laisvės kovotojams statymo principai.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wormald ◽  
Kim Rennick
Keyword(s):  

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