scholarly journals Reaching the horizon and looking beyond: neurosurgery education in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. E9
Author(s):  
Serik Akshulakov ◽  
Yerbol Makhambetov ◽  
Askhat Bralov ◽  
Talgat Pazylbekov ◽  
Nurtas Tursynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
European Association ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Medical Workforce ◽  
Development History ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
Neurosurgical Education

Neurosurgery education in Kazakhstan has 55 years of history. The first neurosurgery department was established in 1964 in the city of Almaty, South Kazakhstan (the former capital of Kazakhstan). The department was headed by the pioneer of Kazakhstani neurosurgeons, Prof. Yevgeniya Azarova. A new neurosurgery education system was adopted after a while. To date, 4 medical universities and 1 neurosurgical center in Kazakhstan have a neurosurgery department that prepares around 10 neurosurgeons annually. The country’s populations are currently served by more than 300 neurosurgeons. However, isolated regions lack neurosurgical services and a specialized medical workforce. Urbanization results in inequality of receiving medical care among rural and regional inhabitants.To develop and strengthen the neurosurgery services, the National Center for Neurosurgery was opened in the heart of the country. The center has placed great importance on the development of neurosurgery and neurosurgical education in Kazakhstan. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, Asian Congress of Neurosurgeons, and International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery have held many international meaningful events on neurosurgery at the center. Opened in 2008, the neurosurgery center has prepared 41 neurosurgeons in the residency program. This article seeks to provide readers with an understanding of the state of neurosurgery education in Kazakhstan and its development history.

Women in pediatric neurosurgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eylem Ocal ◽  
Eliana E. Kim ◽  
Milagros Niquen-Jimenez ◽  
Gleice Salibe de Oliveira ◽  
Souad Bakhti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Current Status ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Neurosurgical Training ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
The World

Pediatric neurosurgery is an ever-evolving field, and at the heart of it are talented and hardworking neurosurgeons who harness technology and research to enhance the standard of neurosurgical care for children. Recent studies have found that female neurosurgeons tend to choose a career focused on pediatric neurosurgery more than other subspecialties. However, the achievements and contributions of women in pediatric neurosurgery are not well known. To address this, an international working group of pediatric neurosurgeons was established from the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Women in Neurosurgery (WINS) group and Pediatric Neurosurgery Committee. The working group reviewed the current literature and collected information through personal communications with the global WINS network. Despite the increasing number of women entering neurosurgical training, the number of female pediatric neurosurgeons is still a mere handful worldwide. In this article, the authors summarize the current status of female pediatric neurosurgeons across the globe, highlighting their achievements as well as the gender bias and challenges that they face at every level of progression of their career. A better organized pediatric neurosurgery workforce, with more female representation and mentorship, would encourage future generations of diverse genders toward a career in this field.

Lyon – UNESCO’s Creative City of Gastronomy?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Avelino Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Creative Cities ◽  
Marketing Program ◽  
Creative City ◽  
Territorial Marketing ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

The fast urbanization in many regions of the world has generated a high competition between cities. In the race for investments and for international presence, some cities have increasingly resorting to the territorial marketing techniques like city branding. One of the strategies of recent years has been to use of creativity and / or labeling of creative city for the promotion of its destination. This phenomenon raises a question whether the city branding programs have worked in accordance with the cultural industries of the territory or if such labels influence the thought of tourists and locals. This paper begins by placing a consideration of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) and the strategies of the Territorial Marketing Program of the city of Lyon in France, Only Lyon. It also raises the question the perception of the target public to each of the current actions through semi-structured interviews which were applied between May and August 2015. Finally, I will try to open a discussion the brand positioning adopted by the city of Lyon

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