Acutely thrombosed aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery presenting as intracranial hemorrhage in a 3-year-old child

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Andrews ◽  
Michael S. B. Edwards ◽  
Peter Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Spontaneous Thrombosis ◽  
Ischemic Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thrombosed Aneurysm ◽  
Left Middle

✓ Spontaneous thrombosis of aneurysms occurs rarely in children, and, to our knowledge, there are no reports of aneurysms presenting as an embolic event in a child. We describe the case of a 3-year-old boy whose symptoms initially suggested an ischemic event to the dominant hemisphere. Initial computerized tomography scans indicated an intracranial hemorrhage. Subsequent radiographic study revealed evidence of emboli and, at exploration, a large acutely thrombosed aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery associated with arterial occlusion was found. Entrapment of the aneurysm and thrombectomy provided excellent operative results.

Multiple middle cerebral artery aneurysms in an infant

1990 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Cedzich ◽  
J. Schramm ◽  
G. Röckelein
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Intracerebral Hematoma ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms ◽  
Subarachnoid Blood ◽  
Left Middle ◽  
Control Angiography

✓ An 11-month-old boy was admitted for evaluation of drowsiness, vomiting, and convulsions. Computerized tomography showed subarachnoid blood in the left sylvian fissure and a small intracerebral hematoma in the temporal lobe. Angiography revealed several aneurysms of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). During surgery, 13 aneurysms were found arising from one main branch of the left MCA, and this segment of the MCA was trapped. Somatosensory evoked potentials did not show any change during surgery. The diseased arterial segment was examined histologically and the pathogenetic aspects of the case are discussed. Control angiography 6 months later excluded systemic disease or other aneurysms. The rarity of such lesions in childhood and their successful surgical treatment are discussed briefly.

Delayed breaking of a Heifetz aneurysm clip

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Servo ◽  
Matti Puranen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Carotid Angiography ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aneurysm Clip ◽  
Correct Placement ◽  
Left Middle ◽  
Fine Print

✓ An aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery was treated by clipping with a Heifetz clip. The correct placement was confirmed angiographically immediately after the operation. At carotid angiography 1 year later the clip was found to have broken, and the aneurysm had increased in size.

Catecholamine content of cerebral tissue after occlusion or manipulation of middle cerebral artery in cats

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold P. Cohen ◽  
Arthur G. Waltz ◽  
Ronald L. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Infarcts ◽  
Cerebral Tissue ◽  
Vasoactive Agents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Catecholamine Content ◽  
Left Middle

✓ The authors determined by fluorimetry the norepinephrine-epinephrine content (NE-E) of cerebral tissue from 38 cats, to ascertain whether constriction of hypersensitive arterial vessels by vasoactive agents in ischemic cerebral tissue could cause extension of cerebral infarcts and worsening of neurological deficits. Twenty-three cats had the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occluded transorbitally, and 10 cats had sham operations. Five cats had only the surgical procedures necessary for obtaining tissue; mean NE-E content was 0.30 µg/gm (SD = 0.041). For the other 33 cats, including those with sham operations, values were variable, ranging from 0.07 to 0.60 µg/gm. Low values usually were obtained for ischemic hemispheres 24 hours and 7 days after MCA occlusion, but at other times values could be high or low on either side. Many factors unrelated to tissue damage, including arterial manipulation, influence the catecholamine content of cerebral tissue.

Intracranial pressure, blood pressure, and pulse rate after occlusion of a middle cerebral artery in cats

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Hayakawa ◽  
Arthur G. Waltz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Infarcts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Middle

✓ The left middle cerebral artery was occluded in 12 tranquilized but unanesthetized cats with use of a device implanted transorbitally 5 to 7 days earlier. Bilateral epidural pressures, mean aortic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured at intervals for up to 48 hours after occlusion. The relationships of these measurements to each other and to the extent and severity of cerebral infarcts is described.

Cerebral dissecting aneurysm and intimal fibroelastic thickening of cerebral arteries

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Mizutani ◽  
Herbert I. Goldberg ◽  
Justin Parr ◽  
Clive Harper ◽  
Carson J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Dissecting Aneurysm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Middle ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 19-year-old white man developed aphasia and right hemiplegia after several falls while waterskiing. Cerebral angiography displayed a ripple appearance and a “string of beads” sign along the left middle cerebral artery, with occlusion or stenosis of most of its branches. The patient died after 6 days, of transtentorial herniation due to massive left cerebral infarction. At necropsy, the infarct was found to be due to a subintimal dissecting aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery. Multifocal areas of intimal fibroelastic thickening (IFT) were found not only at the site of dissection, but also in the other cerebral arteries, most prominent at the bifurcations of the vessels. A systematic study of cerebral arteries performed in six control cases revealed that IFT was present in a similar distribution to that seen in the patient described. However, the degree of IFT in this patient was greater than in the controls. Some individuals with excessive IFT may be more susceptible to cerebral dissecting aneurysm under a variety of stresses, especially trauma.

Dissecting aneurysm of the cerebral arteries

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Grosman ◽  
Victor L. Fornasier ◽  
David Bonder ◽  
Kenneth E. Livingston ◽  
Marjorie E. Platts
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Dissecting Aneurysm ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Middle ◽  
Angiographic Findings ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery with extension into its major branches is reported in a 23-year-old man. The characteristic pathological and angiographic findings are demonstrated, including the rarely documented progression of this lesion. The etiological factors, the early recognition by the neuroradiologist, and the possibility of immediate treatment are briefly discussed in this report.

Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Rupture After Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Thromboembolism

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. E1603-E1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos K. Rammos ◽  
David M. Neils ◽  
Kenneth Fraser ◽  
Jeffrey D. Klopfenstein
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Left Middle

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: The use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA) has become an integral part of modern acute ischemic stroke management; however, its use has been associated with the development of intracranial hemorrhage in 6.4% of patients. It is possible that underlying and unsuspected vascular lesions, such as cerebral aneurysms, may lead to intracranial hemorrhage after IV rtPA thrombolysis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present a previously unreported case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage from an acutely ruptured a nterior communicating artery aneurysm after IV rtPA treatment for acute left middle cerebral artery thromboembolism. The patient underwent mechanical thromboembolectomy of the left middle cerebral artery occlusion with resultant TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) grade I recanalization, followed by coil embolization of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The patient never improved neurologically, and she ultimately died. CONCLUSION: Screening to identify patients at risk for development of hemorrhagic complications from underlying structural vascular lesions before the use of IV rtPA with computed tomography angiography should be considered.

scholarly journals Post-stroke cognitive impairment on the Mini-Mental State Examination primarily relates to left middle cerebral artery infarcts

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302098455
Author(s):  
Nick A Weaver ◽  
Angelina K Kancheva ◽  
Jae-Sung Lim ◽  
J Matthijs Biesbroek ◽  
Irene MC Huenges Wajer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Left Middle

Background Post-stroke cognitive impairment can occur after damage to various brain regions, and cognitive deficits depend on infarct location. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is still widely used to assess post-stroke cognition, but it has been criticized for capturing only certain cognitive deficits. Along these lines, it might be hypothesized that cognitive deficits as measured with the MMSE primarily involve certain infarct locations. Aims This comprehensive lesion-symptom mapping study aimed to determine which acute infarct locations are associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment on the MMSE. Methods We examined associations between impairment on the MMSE (<5th percentile; normative data) and infarct location in 1198 patients (age 67 ± 12 years, 43% female) with acute ischemic stroke using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. As a frame of reference, infarct patterns associated with impairments in individual cognitive domains were determined, based on a more detailed neuropsychological assessment. Results Impairment on the MMSE was present in 420 patients (35%). Large voxel clusters in the left middle cerebral artery territory and thalamus were significantly (p < 0.01) associated with cognitive impairment on the MMSE, with highest odds ratios (>15) in the thalamus and superior temporal gyrus. In comparison, domain-specific impairments were related to various infarct patterns across both hemispheres including the left medial temporal lobe (verbal memory) and right parietal lobe (visuospatial functioning). Conclusions Our findings indicate that post-stroke cognitive impairment on the MMSE primarily relates to infarct locations in the left middle cerebral artery territory. The MMSE is apparently less sensitive to cognitive deficits that specifically relate to other locations.

Bivalirudin for Endovascular Intervention in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Harrigan ◽  
Elad I. Levy ◽  
Bernard R. Bendok ◽  
L. Nelson Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Left Middle ◽  
Arterial Thrombolysis

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Intra-arterial thrombolysis has been demonstrated to improve recanalization and outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, thrombolytic agents have limited effectiveness and are associated with a significant risk of bleeding. Bivalirudin is a direct thrombin inhibitor that has been demonstrated in the cardiology literature to have a more favorable efficacy and bleeding profile than other antithrombotic medications. We report the use of bivalirudin during endovascular treatment of acute stroke, when hemorrhagic complications are not uncommon. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 71-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation presented with right hemiparesis and aphasia and was found to have a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 10. Computed tomographic scans revealed no evidence of intracranial hemorrhage, aneurysm, or ischemic stroke. Cerebral angiography revealed thromboembolic occlusion of the superior division of the left middle cerebral artery. INTERVENTION For anticoagulation, a loading dose of bivalirudin was intravenously administered before the interventional procedure, followed by continuous infusion. Attempts to remove the clot with an endovascular snare failed to induce recanalization of the vessel. Bivalirudin was then administered intra-arterially. Immediate postprocedural angiography demonstrated restoration of flow in the left middle cerebral artery. Repeat computed tomographic scans demonstrated no intracranial hemorrhage. The patient's hemiparesis and aphasia were nearly resolved and her National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 2 at the time of her discharge 5 days later. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of bivalirudin for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Bivalirudin may be a useful agent for intravenous anticoagulation and intra-arterial thrombolysis in this setting.

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