scholarly journals Neurocognitive Performance Improvement after Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment: State of the Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Isabella Pollicina ◽  
Antonino Maniaci ◽  
Jerome R. Lechien ◽  
Giannicola Iannella ◽  
Claudio Vicini ◽  
...  

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) syndrome is a respiratory sleep disorder characterized by partial or complete episodes of upper airway collapse with reduction or complete cessation of airflow. Although the connection remains debated, several mechanisms such as intermittent hypoxemia, sleep deprivation, hypercapnia disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis have been associated with poor neurocognitive performance. Different treatments have been proposed to treat OSAS patients as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), mandibular advancement devices (MAD), surgery; however, the effect on neurocognitive functions is still debated. This article presents the effect of OSAS treatments on neurocognitive performance by reviewing the literature. Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of the English language over the past 20 years using the following keywords: neurocognitive performance and sleep apnea, neurocognitive improvement and CPAP, OSAS, and cognitive dysfunction. We included in the analysis papers that correlated OSA treatment with neurocognitive performance improvement. All validated tests used to measure different neurocognitive performance improvements were considered. Results: Seventy papers reported neurocognitive Performance improvement in OSA patients after CPAP therapy. Eighty percent of studies found improved executive functions such as verbal fluency or working memory, with partial neural recovery at long-term follow-up. One article compared the effect of MAD, CPAP treatment on cognitive disorders, reporting better improvement of CPAP and MAD than placebo in cognitive function. Conclusions: CPAP treatment seems to improve cognitive defects associated with OSA. Limited studies have evaluated the effects of the other therapies on cognitive function.

Author(s):  
Thyagaseely Sheela Premaraj ◽  
Jacob Stadiem ◽  
Shyamaly Arya Premaraj ◽  
Charles R. Davies ◽  
Matthew Dennis ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether compliance to auto-adjusting positive airway pressure (APAP) improves with the addition of a mandibular advancement device (MAD). Secondary outcome measures included were APAP pressure, subjective daytime sleepiness, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and mask leaks. Setting and Sample Population Participants included were diagnosed with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and became noncompliant to prescribed APAP. Thirteen participants with a mean age of 61.6 years were recruited for this study. Materials and Methods All participants were given a MAD to use with their APAP. Parameters measured included APAP pressure, AHI, mask leak reported via ResMed AirViewTM software, and self-reported daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]). A paired two-sample for mean t-test was performed to determine significance. Results The mean difference of pre- and postintervention APAP compliance was 23.1%, which was statistically significant (p = 0.015). The mean APAP air pressures were unchanged. The difference between pre- and postintervention mean ESS scores was 1.4 and was statistically significant (p = 0.027). The mean difference between pre- and postintervention AHI values and mask leak showed no significant difference. Conclusion This study showed that combination of APAP-MAD therapy, for patients with moderate-to-severe OSA who were noncompliant to APAP use, significantly increased compliance with APAP therapy, and significantly decreased the daytime sleepiness of participants.


2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wytske A. Kylstra ◽  
Justine A. Aaronson ◽  
Winni F. Hofman ◽  
Ben A. Schmand

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Ogawa ◽  
Jianlan Long ◽  
Kate Sutherland ◽  
Andrew S. L. Chan ◽  
Keiichi Sasaki ◽  
...  

SLEEP ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Akar Bayram ◽  
Bülent Ciftci ◽  
Telat Keles ◽  
Tahir Durmaz ◽  
Sibel Turhan ◽  
...  

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