scholarly journals Blockchain Economical Models, Delegated Proof of Economic Value and Delegated Adaptive Byzantine Fault Tolerance and their implementation in Artificial Intelligence BlockCloud

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Deng

The Artificial Intelligence BlockCloud (AIBC) is an artificial intelligence and blockchain technology based large-scale decentralized ecosystem that allows system-wide low-cost sharing of computing and storage resources. The AIBC consists of four layers: a fundamental layer, a resource layer, an application layer, and an ecosystem layer (the latter three are the collective “upper-layers”). The AIBC layers have distinguished responsibilities and thus performance and robustness requirements. The upper layers need to follow a set of economic policies strictly and run on a deterministic and robust protocol. While the fundamental layer needs to follow a protocol with high throughput without sacrificing robustness. As such, the AIBC implements a two-consensus scheme to enforce economic policies and achieve performance and robustness: Delegated Proof of Economic Value (DPoEV) incentive consensus on the upper layers, and Delegated Adaptive Byzantine Fault Tolerance (DABFT) distributed consensus on the fundamental layer. The DPoEV uses the knowledge map algorithm to accurately assess the economic value of digital assets. The DABFT uses deep learning techniques to predict and select the most suitable BFT algorithm in order to enforce the DPoEV, as well as to achieve the best balance of performance, robustness, and security. The DPoEV-DABFT dual-consensus architecture, by design, makes the AIBC attack-proof against risks such as double-spending, short-range and 51% attacks; it has a built-in dynamic sharding feature that allows scalability and eliminates the single-shard takeover. Our contribution is four-fold: that we develop a set of innovative economic models governing the monetary, trading and supply-demand policies in the AIBC; that we establish an upper-layer DPoEV incentive consensus algorithm that implements the economic policies; that we provide a fundamental layer DABFT distributed consensus algorithm that executes the DPoEV with adaptability; and that we prove the economic models can be effectively enforced by AIBC’s DPoEV-DABFT dual-consensus architecture.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Igor M. Coelho ◽  
Vitor N. Coelho ◽  
Rodolfo P. Araujo ◽  
Wang Yong Qiang ◽  
Brett D. Rhodes

Consensus mechanisms are a core feature for handling negotiation and agreements. Blockchain technology has seen the introduction of different sorts of consensus mechanism, ranging from tasks of heavy computation to the subtle mathematical proofs of Byzantine agreements. This paper presents the pioneer Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT) protocol of Neo Blockchain, which was inspired by the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT). Besides introducing its history, this study describes proofs and didactic examples, as well as novel design and extensions for Neo dBFT with multiple block proposals. Finally, we discuss challenges when dealing with strong Byzantine adversaries, and propose solutions inspired on PBFT for current weak-synchrony problems and increasing system robustness against attacks. Key Contribution: Presents an overview of the history of PBFT-inspired consensus for blockchain, highlighting its current importance on the literature, challenges and assumptions. Contributes to the field of Distributed Consensus, proposing novel extensions for the Neo dBFT (dBFT 2.0+, dBFT 3.0 and dBFT 3.0+), with new insights on innovative consensus mechanisms.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Gao ◽  
Tianyu Yu ◽  
Jianming Zhu ◽  
Wei Cai

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155014772090733
Author(s):  
Wenjun Cai ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Ke Xie ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Yingli Liu ◽  
...  

The energy blockchain is a distributed Internet protocol for energy transactions between nodes in power systems. The consensus algorithm is the core component of the energy blockchain and has an essential impact on its application. At present, in the implementation of the energy blockchain, there are problems such as low transaction throughput (transactions per second) and high latency, which cannot meet the application requirements of real-time processing transactions in the energy field. To this end, according to the analysis of conventional blockchain consensus algorithm and traditional practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm, a dynamic-reputation practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm for the energy blockchain is proposed. The dynamic-reputation practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm adopts a credit-based consortium node consensus election method. The monitoring node divides the remaining nodes into two types of nodes according to the reputation value: the consensus node and the secondary node, which, respectively, participate in different stages of the block generation process, and dynamically update the consensus nodes with low reputation ratings. By constructing the experimental platform simulation, the test results verify the effectiveness of the dynamic-reputation practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm. Compared with the algorithm of the fabric platform, the dynamic-reputation practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm improves the transaction processing speed and is suitable for the blockchain application in the energy field.


Author(s):  
Achmad Teguh Wibowo ◽  
MY Teguh Sulistyono ◽  
Mochamad Hariadi

This research was aimed to enhance the cryptospatial with geospatial blockchain based on a point in polygon test. Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (RPCA) was used for developing a blockchain. The steps taken include: (1) Data from the surveyors were entered using application connected to the transaction set; (2) The transaction set sent data to the transaction proposal; (3) The transaction proposal will distribute to every connected validating of nodes for executing the smart contract with the point in a polygon test method; (4) If the process succeeded with the maximum fault tolerance of 20%, then the node records a new chain to the ledger. This method is faster than Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) blockchain for approximately 26% to add a new chain in the ledger and for 52% to decrypt the blockchain with a mobile device. The result of this process is a cryptospatial coordinate for the cultural heritage tourism.


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