Integration of Blockchain with Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: Vision and Challenge

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are introduced to improve individuals’ quality of life by offering a wide range of services. They collect a huge amount of data and exchange them with each other and the infrastructure. The collected data usually includes sensitive information about the users and the surrounding environment. Therefore, data security and privacy are among the main challenges in this industry. Blockchain, an emerging distributed ledger, has been considered by the research community as a potential solution for enhancing data security, integrity, and transparency in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). However, despite the emphasis of governments on the transparency of personal data protection practices, CAV stakeholders have not been successful in communicating appropriate information with the end users regarding the procedure of collecting, storing, and processing their personal data, as well as the data ownership. This article provides a vision of the opportunities and challenges of adopting blockchain in ITS from the “data transparency” and “privacy” perspective. The main aim is to answer the following questions: (1) Considering the amount of personal data collected by the CAVs, such as location, how would the integration of blockchain technology affect transparency , fairness , and lawfulness of personal data processing concerning the data subjects (as this is one of the main principles in the existing data protection regulations)? (2) How can the trade-off between transparency and privacy be addressed in blockchain-based ITS use cases?

A Survey on Blockchain Interoperability: Past, Present, and Future Trends

Blockchain interoperability is emerging as one of the crucial features of blockchain technology, but the knowledge necessary for achieving it is fragmented. This fact makes it challenging for academics and the industry to achieve interoperability among blockchains seamlessly. Given this new domain’s novelty and potential, we conduct a literature review on blockchain interoperability by collecting 284 papers and 120 grey literature documents, constituting a corpus of 404 documents. From those 404 documents, we systematically analyzed and discussed 102 documents, including peer-reviewed papers and grey literature. Our review classifies studies in three categories: Public Connectors, Blockchain of Blockchains, and Hybrid Connectors. Each category is further divided into sub-categories based on defined criteria. We classify 67 existing solutions in one sub-category using the Blockchain Interoperability Framework, providing a holistic overview of blockchain interoperability. Our findings show that blockchain interoperability has a much broader spectrum than cryptocurrencies and cross-chain asset transfers. Finally, this article discusses supporting technologies, standards, use cases, open challenges, and future research directions, paving the way for research in the area.

A Block-Chain based Framework for Educational Domain and its Benefits

A chain of blocks that contains information is the definition of Blockchain. The technique is intended to timestamp digital documents so that it is not possible to temper them. The purpose of blockchain is to solve the double records problem without the need of a central server. Blockchain provides a creative approach to storing information, executing transactions, conducting tasks and trust building. Blockchain is an emerging technology for the applications Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Healthcare, Education, Crypto-currency and Supply chain. This research work would offer a detailed analysis of Blockchain in the Educational domain. It also studies the various applications of Blockchain technology. Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Cities, Healthcare, Education, Supply Chain, Privacy, Security.

Blockchain: Medical Data System

We've been hearing a lot about cryptocurrencies lately. With about 3,000 distinct cryptocurrencies on the market right now, it's evident that they're here to stay, despite their unpredictable nature. But did you realise that nearly all cryptocurrencies are based on the same idea? Blockchain technology underpins nearly all cryptocurrencies. Blockchain, also known as the shared ledger, is one of the most secure digital technologies due to its distributed nature. Keywords: Centralized & Decentralized, Blockchain, Solidity