scholarly journals Four-Dimensional Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels Micro-Structured via Femtosecond Laser Additive Manufacturing

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Yufeng Tao ◽  
Chengchangfeng Lu ◽  
Chunsan Deng ◽  
Jing Long ◽  
Yunpeng Ren ◽  
...  

Rapid fabricating and harnessing stimuli-responsive behaviors of microscale bio-compatible hydrogels are of great interest to the emerging micro-mechanics, drug delivery, artificial scaffolds, nano-robotics, and lab chips. Herein, we demonstrate a novel femtosecond laser additive manufacturing process with smart materials for soft interactive hydrogel micro-machines. Bio-compatible hyaluronic acid methacryloyl was polymerized with hydrophilic diacrylate into an absorbent hydrogel matrix under a tight topological control through a 532 nm green femtosecond laser beam. The proposed hetero-scanning strategy modifies the hierarchical polymeric degrees inside the hydrogel matrix, leading to a controllable surface tension mismatch. Strikingly, these programmable stimuli-responsive matrices mechanized hydrogels into robotic applications at the micro/nanoscale (<300 × 300 × 100 μm3). Reverse high-freedom shape mutations of diversified microstructures were created from simple initial shapes and identified without evident fatigue. We further confirmed the biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and tunable mechanics of the as-prepared hydrogels. Benefiting from the high-efficiency two-photon polymerization (TPP), nanometer feature size (<200 nm), and flexible digitalized modeling technique, many more micro/nanoscale hydrogel robots or machines have become obtainable in respect of future interdisciplinary applications.

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (21) ◽  
pp. 1392-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Wang ◽  
Honggang Ye ◽  
Zhicheng Su ◽  
Dapeng Yu ◽  
Shijie Xu

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (43) ◽  
pp. 19458-19464
Author(s):  
Xihua Hu ◽  
Claas Spille ◽  
Michael Schlüter ◽  
Irina Smirnova

2011 ◽  
Vol 284 (14) ◽  
pp. 3571-3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Phelan ◽  
R.J. Winfield ◽  
D.P. O'Dwyer ◽  
Y.P. Rakovich ◽  
J.F. Donegan ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (47) ◽  
pp. 11492-11498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Mengmeng Zheng ◽  
Li Zheng ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
...  

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are “smart” materials with diverse applications.


2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 052009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Mingareev ◽  
Tobias Bonhoff ◽  
Ashraf F. El-Sherif ◽  
Wilhelm Meiners ◽  
Ingomar Kelbassa ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. eaav8219 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-Y. Huang ◽  
H.-W. Huang ◽  
D. D. Jin ◽  
Q. Y. Chen ◽  
J. Y. Huang ◽  
...  

Four-dimensional (4D) printing relies on multimaterial printing, reinforcement patterns, or micro/nanofibrous additives as programmable tools to achieve desired shape reconfigurations. However, existing programming approaches still follow the so-called origami design principle to generate reconfigurable structures by self-folding stacked 2D materials, particularly at small scales. Here, we propose a programmable modular design that directly constructs 3D reconfigurable microstructures capable of sophisticated 3D-to-3D shape transformations by assembling 4D micro-building blocks. 4D direct laser writing is used to print two-photon polymerizable, stimuli-responsive hydrogels to construct building blocks at micrometer scales. Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters, used to define robotic arm kinematics, are introduced as guidelines for how to assemble the micro-building blocks and plan the 3D motion of assembled chain blocks. Last, a 3D-printed microscaled transformer capable of changing its shape from a race car to a humanoid robot is devised and fabricated using the DH parameters to guide the motion of various assembled compartments.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 02010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Mingareev ◽  
Tobias Bonhoff ◽  
Ashraf F. El-Sherif ◽  
Martin Richardson

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