scholarly journals Boards that Make a Difference in Firm’s Acquisitions: The Role of Interlocks and Former Politicians in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Kopoboru ◽  
Gloria Cuevas-Rodríguez ◽  
Leticia Pérez-Calero
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Board Interlocks ◽  
Complementary Effect ◽  
Regulated Industries

This study examines the influence of board interlocks and former politicians on decisions regarding acquisitions in Spain. Our research suggests that board interlocks to other firms can positively influence operations in terms of acquisition scale. Our findings also show that this relationship is positively moderated by the presence of former politicians. That is, the effects of interlocks on acquisitions are amplified further when there are former politicians on boards, which confirms their role as community influentials. In the case of Spain, and under-regulated industries, this complementary effect is maintained. However, the role played by interlocks seems to be more important than former politicians, which means that board interlocks can replace other formal methods of acquiring information (through former politicians) while attempting acquisitions.

scholarly journals Balancing the formal and the informal in user-centred design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Harrison ◽  
Paolo Masci ◽  
José Creissac Campos
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
User Evaluation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
User Centred Design ◽  
Early Design Stages ◽  
Cooperative Evaluation

Abstract This paper explores the role of formal methods as part of the user-centred design of interactive systems. An iterative process is described, developing prototypes incrementally, proving user-centred requirements while at the same time evaluating the prototypes that are executable forms of the developed models using ‘traditional’ techniques for user evaluation. A formal analysis complements user evaluations. This approach enriches user-centred design that typically focuses understanding on context and producing sketch designs. These sketches are often non-functional (e.g. paper) prototypes. They provide a means of exploring candidate design possibilities using techniques such as cooperative evaluation. This paper describes a further step in the process using formal analysis techniques. The use of formal methods provides a systematic approach to checking plausibility and consistency during early design stages, while at the same time enabling the generation of executable prototypes. The technique is illustrated through an example based on a pill dispenser.

Board interlocks and the diffusion of CSR reporting practices: The role of market development

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1333-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhang Sun ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
Yanli Geng ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
Yifei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Market Development ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Csr Reporting ◽  
Board Interlocks

The Role of Formal Methods in Software Development for Railway Applications

2014 ◽  
pp. 1103-1118
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fantechi
Keyword(s):  
Model Checking ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Formal Verification ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Safety Certification ◽  
Software Designers ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Railway Domain

Formal methods for thirty years have promised to be the solution for the safety certification headaches of railway software designers. This chapter looks at the current industrial application of formal methods in the railway domain. After a recall of the dawning of formal methods in this domain, recent trends are presented that focus in particular on formal verification by means of model checking engines, with its potential and limitations. The paper ends with a perspective into the next future, in which formal methods will be expected to pervade in more respects the production of railway software and systems.

The Role of Formal Methods in Software Development for Railway Applications

2012 ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fantechi
Keyword(s):  
Model Checking ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Formal Verification ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Safety Certification ◽  
Software Designers ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Railway Domain

Formal methods for thirty years have promised to be the solution for the safety certification headaches of railway software designers. This chapter looks at the current industrial application of formal methods in the railway domain. After a recall of the dawning of formal methods in this domain, recent trends are presented that focus in particular on formal verification by means of model checking engines, with its potential and limitations. The paper ends with a perspective into the next future, in which formal methods will be expected to pervade in more respects the production of railway software and systems.

Cross Border Acquisitions by Emerging Market Firms: The Role of Board Interlocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 14344
Author(s):  
Faisal Mohammad Ahsan ◽  
Manish Popli ◽  
Sathyajit Gubbi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Board Interlocks ◽  
Emerging Market Firms

Competing institutional pressures in corporate governance reform: the role of board interlocks and industry peers

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Krenn
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Context ◽  
Corporate Governance Code ◽  
Board Interlocks ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Industry Peers

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of competing influences emanating from firms’ social structural context (i.e. sent and received board of director interlocks and industry peers) on the adoption of an institutionally contested corporate governance code provision. Design/methodology/approach The corporate governance code provision of interest in this research recommends that German firms listed on German stock exchanges should disclose the individual remuneration arrangements for their board members. This paper uses 945 firm year observations from 2002 to 2006, the time period during which the adoption of this provision was voluntary for firms, to examine the role of firms’ social structural context in the legitimization process of this provision. Findings The results show that sent board interlocks to firms that defy pressures to adopt this practice have an equally pronounced but opposing effect on its institutionalization process. Received interlocks are inconsequential in this process. The results also provide evidence for the existence of competing influences emanating from firms’ industry peers. In contrast to the effects associated with sent board interlocks, at the industry level, peer acquiescence has a more pronounced effect than peer defiance. Furthermore, the practice’s legitimacy among firms’ peers moderates the effects of sent board interlocks. Originality/value The results of this paper suggest that a balanced approach to studying institutional change in corporate governance needs to acknowledge the co-existence of conflicting signals regarding the spread of new institutional models. The findings suggest that firms’ social structural context plays a central role in processes of contested institutional change. Board interlocks and industry peers carry the potential to facilitate institutional change and facilitate institutional continuity and resistance to change. However, not all board interlocks are of equal importance, and industry peers constitute a source of legitimacy to which directors forming the interlocks attend.

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