Gender Inequality in Latin America: A Multidimensional Analysis Based on ECLAC Indicators

This article analyzes the behavior of gender indicators on the economic, physical, and decision-making autonomy of Latin-American women, based on data compiled and published in 2020 by the Gender Equality Observatory of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), for 17 countries. Using the HJ-Biplot multivariate technique, it is concluded that the three evaluated areas interact with each other, in such a way that they cannot be interpreted in isolation because their relationships and interdependencies explain the differences in the participation of men and women in the socioeconomic and political environment of the nations in the region. Additionally, it is concluded that in countries such as Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Bolivia, and Ecuador, greater public policy actions are required to seek the economic empowerment of women; while in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, laws are necessary to regulate violence against women. It is necessary to continue promoting gender equality in the region as a determinant factor in methodological frameworks and transformational policies to enable moving towards the construction of sustainable societies and economies.

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A new approach to access to environmental information and protection of environmental rights.

Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava” ◽

10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-261-271 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 261-271

Author(s):

Hurova Anna ◽

Lustosa Maryna ◽

Mongrolle Zhulien

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

United Nations Economic Commission ◽

Environmental Rights ◽

European Continent ◽

Legal Personality ◽

Economic Commission ◽

Aarhus Convention ◽

The Caribbean

The Aarhus Convention concerning the right of information, participation and access to the justice in the environmental field was adopted in 25 June 1998, and came into effect in 30 October 2001 as part of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE-UN) is open for the adherence for every State even if not located in the European continent. However, in Mars 4, 2018, the Escazú Convention was adopted as a part of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), enshrining the same procedurals rights that Aarhus. The objective of this article is to understand why Latin-American states have chosen to create their own regional convention, even if they could have joined the Aarhus Convention concerning the same rights? The approach used to the making of this article was the bibliographic research et the interpretation of legislation and the conventions. In conclusion there’s two hypotheses justify the adoption of a certain convention, the Escazú Convention could be the answer of the Latin American towards the effectiveness of the Aarhus Convention, for instance minimization of effective realization of judicial protection of environmental rights and also, the Escazú Convention is the translation of the specific conception of environmental protection in Latin America. Also, the study found that States of Latin American and the Caribbean, through preservation of indigenous peoples, are able to transform the concept of sustainable development into so-called "continued development" and "good life" concepts. These concepts are not based on the balance of environmental and economic interests, but on the predominance of the first one. The practical implementation of these ideological foundations must go a long way to being effective, but clear wording of individual legal personality of people in fragile environmental situations, which is expressed in particular at the international level, in our opinion, already, forms the basis for further changes towards saving the planet for future generations.

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