75th anniversary of S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-38
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. SOLOVIEV ◽  
RESHETNIKOV Mikhail N. RESHETNIKOV Mikhail N ◽  
Viktor V. SINYAVSKIY ◽  
Sergey Yu. SHACHNEV
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Launch Vehicle ◽  
Earth Satellite ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
International Space ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Manned Space

The article briefly discusses the key achievements of the enterprise over 75 years from the formation of OKB-1 headed by S.P. Korolev for producing intercontinental range missiles to the current status of RSC Energia being the country’s and world leader in manned space flight. The developed intercontinental missiles R-7 and a closed-loop oxygen-hydrocarbon liquid-propellant rocket engine provided the basis for developing integrated launch vehicles which were used to launch the world's first Earth satellite, the first cosmonaut on the Earth, automatic interplanetary stations to the Moon, Venus, Mars. The diversification of the enterprise impeded S.P. Korolev to concentrate on manned space flights, and he initiated the transfer of development and manufacture of combat missiles to Makeyev DB, integrated launch vehicles to TsSKB Progress, communication and other satellites to M.F. Reshetnev ISS, lunar and interplanetary stations to S.A.Lavochkin NPO. In the 1980s under the guidance of V.P. Glushko the Energia super-heavy launch vehicle and Energia-Buran system in unmanned configuration were developed and successfully launched on the first try. The Salyut manned single-module orbital stations, Mir multifunctional multi-module space laboratory and successfully operating upgraded manned transportation (Soyuz) and logistics (Progress) spacecraft were developed. In the hard times of 1990s, RSC Energia under the guidance of Yu.P. Semenov saved the national cosmonautics through commercial research performed on the Mir station. At present, by launching three additional modules RSC Energia is completing assembly and integration of the Russian Segment into the International Space Station. Keywords. ОKB-1, S.P.Korolev RSC Energia, V.P. Glushko, Yu.S. Semenov, integrated launch vehicle, orbital station, crew transportation spacecraft, logistics transportation spacecraft, International Space Station.

75th anniversary of S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-49
Author(s):  
Vladimir SOLOVIEV ◽  
◽  
Mikhail RESHETNIKOV ◽  
Viktor SINYAVSKIY
Keyword(s):  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Earth Satellite ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Commercial Research ◽  
Propellant Rocket

The article briefly discusses the key achievements of the enterprise over 75 years from the formation of OKB-1 headed by S.P. Korolev for producing intercontinental range missiles to the current status of RSC Energia being the country’s and world leader in manned space flight. The developed intercontinental missiles R-7 and a closed-loop oxygen-hydrocarbon liquid-propellant rocket engine provided the basis for developing integrated launch vehicles which were used to launch the world’s first Earth satellite, the first cosmonaut on the Earth, automatic interplanetary stations to the Moon, Venus, Mars. The diversification of the enterprise impeded S.P. Korolev to concentrate on manned space flights, and he initiated the transfer of development and manufacture of combat missiles to V.P. Makeev DB, integrated launch vehicles to TsSKB Progress, communication and other satellites to M.F. Reshetnev ISS, lunar and interplanetary stations to S.A. Lavochkin NPO. In the 1980s under the guidance of V.P. Glushko the Energia super-heavy launch vehicle and Energia–Buran system in unmanned configuration were developed and successfully launched on the first try. The Salyut manned single-module orbital stations, Mir multifunctional multi-module space laboratory and successfully operating upgraded manned transportation (Soyuz) and logistics (Progress) spacecraft were developed. In the hard times of 1990s, RSC Energia under the guidance of Yu.P. Semenov saved the national cosmonautics through commercial research performed on the Mir station. At present, RSC Energia together with Khrunichev Space Center is completing the stage of ground tests of a multipurpose laboratory module and is manufacturing modules for a promising near-Earth manned station.

Microbial Observatory Research in the International Space Station and Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo”

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Shirakawa ◽  
◽  
Fumiaki Tanigaki ◽  
Takashi Yamazaki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
International Space ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Experiment Module

The International Space Station (ISS) is a completely closed environment that offers a long-term microgravity environment. It is a unique environment where microbes can fly and attach themselves to devices or humans, especially the exposed parts of the body and head. The ongoing monitoring and analysis of microbes and their movement inside the Japanese Experiment Module (named “Kibo”) of the ISS are intended to study the effects of microbes on humans and prevent health hazards caused by microbes during a long-term space mission. This paper describes the current status and future plan of Japanese microbiological experiments to monitor microbial dynamics in Kibo. It also describes the future prospective and prioritized microbiological research areas based on the “Kibo utilization scenario towards 2020 in the field of life science.” Given the microbial research in space being actively conducted by the USA, NASA and international activities are also reported.

Methodological approaches to emergency recovery onboard the International Space Station

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. SPIRIN ◽  
Olga A. NIKOLAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
International Space ◽  
Toxic Contamination ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Small Change

Keeping parameters of the atmosphere within a manned space complex close to those on Earth is a pre-requisite for the crew’s being able to live and work in space. Any relatively small change in atmospheric parameters may pose a threat to the life of the crew and calls for an immediate response to the situation. The emergencies which are to be handled exclusively by the crew of the manned space complex include depressurization of pressurized volumes, fire and toxic contamination of the atmosphere. Crew actions in such situations are governed by special flight procedures. The paper describes main assumptions and requirements taken as a basis for developing crew procedures for response to emergencies onboard the International Space Station (ISS), as well as methodological techniques embodies in the flight procedures, which make it possible to optimize crew emergency response taking into account the locations of the modules and crew rescue vehicles within the Russian Segment of the ISS. Key words: manned space station, emergency, International Space Station

Methods and results of extending the life of the International Space Station Russian Segment

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
VIKTOR A. MILOVANOV ◽  
MIKHAIL M. AGAFONOV ◽  
ILYA M. FILIPPOV
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Flight Tests ◽  
International Space ◽  
Good Working ◽  
Component Failures

The paper discusses the current status of work to extend the life of the International Space Station Russian Segment (ISS RS). The effort to monitor and maintain the ISS RS systems and modules in good working order forms the basis of the work aimed at station longevity and the safety of its crew. It describes measures taken to keep the ISS RS operational in a situation where some of the components have been taken out of production, and specified storage life for the spares, tools and accessories has expired. It reviews changes in the requirements for the operation of constituent components, systems and assemblies that were adopted to support extension of the ISS RS mission. It describes a procedure for detecting the sources of failures and malfunctions found in flight and resolving their causes, which makes it possible to take measures aimed at preventing propagation of faults and malfunctions within the shortest time possible while keeping the systems and assemblies of the ISS RS modules operational during repairs. It describes an approach to analysis of the causes of component failures, which makes it possible to classify them for the purposes of statistical analysis, on the basis of which one could evaluate failure dynamics in the course of the mission and use it for making a conclusion about the feasibility of extending flight tests of the ISS RS till 2024 and further. It provides data on dynamics of changes in the number of component failures in the course of the ISS RS mission, which show that this number does not grow. Key words: International Space Station, ISS RS, Russian Segment, operational integrity, operating life, failures.

Performance and current status of Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image on the International Space Station

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Suzuki ◽  
M. Matsuoka ◽  
K. Kawasaki ◽  
S. Ueno ◽  
H. Tomida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Current Status ◽  
International Space ◽  
X Ray
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