Computer-assisted interventions (CAI) — which offer advantages such as increased accuracy, reduction of complications, and decreased intervention time — have increased in prevalence in recent years. A type of CAI called image-guided therapy (IGT) can be used to provide navigation for freehand procedures or guidance for localization of medical devices. Electromagnetic (EM) tracking technology can track instruments such as needle tips inside the patient body without the need for a line-of-sight, allowing for minimally invasive imaging-guided procedures [1–3].
Minimally invasive image-guided therapy of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer
