scholarly journals Incentives, information, rehearsal, and the negative recency effect

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Leah L. Light
Keyword(s):  
Recency Effect ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect

Memory for Pictures and Words, and the Negative Recency Effect

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. E. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect ◽  
Pictures And Words

This experiment investigated performance in a final, cumulative test of a subject's ability to recall a series of lists. No negative recency effect was found with either pictures of objects or their names. This supports the suggestion of earlier research that the negative recency effect stems from failure to employ mental imagery as a mnemonic code on terminal serial positions and that visual presentation promotes the use of imagery throughout a list.

Mental Imagery and the Distinction between Primary and Secondary Memory

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. E. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Secondary Memory ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Interactive Imagery ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect

Previous research has shown that the imageability of stimulus material affects the secondary memory (SM) component of free recall, but not the primary memory (PM) component, and that a negative recency effect is only observed for material of high imageability. It was found that interactive imagery instructions affected the SM component, but not the PM component; separative imagery instructions led to an increased PM component and a reduced SM component. A negative recency effect can be observed in an initial, delayed recall test. However, it is removed by imagery mnemonic instructions. This supports the idea that the negative recency effect is caused by the fact that subjects do not normally image the last few words presented in a free-recall task.

Sequential Effects in a Two-Choice Serial Reaction Task

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Repetition Effect ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Previous Response ◽  
Fourth Condition ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Simultaneous Prediction ◽  
Reaction Task

Twenty-four subjects performed a symbolic two-choice serial reaction task under four conditions. These were with a delay from previous response to onset of next stimulus of 100 millisec, 600 millisec., 2 sec., and a fourth condition of 2 sec. delay with verbal prediction of the next stimulus. A positive recency or repetition effect occurred at 100 millisec. delay where RTs to repeated stimuli were faster than RTs to alternate stimuli. At 600 millisec. this effect was still present, though much reduced. The 2 sec. delay gave a negative recency effect where RTs were slower to repeated than to alternate stimuli. This effect increased significantly with simultaneous prediction of the next stimulus. The verbal predictions themselves displayed negative recency. Run analysis of the four conditions revealed striking differences. These results emphasize the need for analysing the microstructure of choice RT situations and reveal deficiencies in present models.

Further evidence for a negative recency effect in free recall

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergus I.M. Craik ◽  
John M. Gardiner ◽  
Michael J. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect

Context Effects in Running Memory

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Moore ◽  
Bruce M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Good Recall ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
College Age ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect

7 groups of college-age Ss attempted to recall whether the next to last symbol was the “same” or “different” from the viewed symbol in a running series of 42 symbols. 6 of the groups also predicted the recall outcome on successive trials. Expectancy did not influence retention, but a negative recency effect sensitive to symbol runs resulted from predictions. Results from memory errors contradicted the concept of a fixed running recall-span. Evidence was found for (a) recall generalization to the symbol before the next to last symbol and (b) good recall accuracy where the viewed symbol was separated from its last occurrence by at least three intervening symbols. Consideration of short-term memory from the standpoint of association formation is deemed inadequate.

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