Further evidence for a negative recency effect in free recall

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergus I.M. Craik ◽  
John M. Gardiner ◽  
Michael J. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect

Mental Imagery and the Distinction between Primary and Secondary Memory

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. E. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Secondary Memory ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Interactive Imagery ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect

Previous research has shown that the imageability of stimulus material affects the secondary memory (SM) component of free recall, but not the primary memory (PM) component, and that a negative recency effect is only observed for material of high imageability. It was found that interactive imagery instructions affected the SM component, but not the PM component; separative imagery instructions led to an increased PM component and a reduced SM component. A negative recency effect can be observed in an initial, delayed recall test. However, it is removed by imagery mnemonic instructions. This supports the idea that the negative recency effect is caused by the fact that subjects do not normally image the last few words presented in a free-recall task.

Memory for Pictures and Words, and the Negative Recency Effect

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. E. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect ◽  
Pictures And Words

This experiment investigated performance in a final, cumulative test of a subject's ability to recall a series of lists. No negative recency effect was found with either pictures of objects or their names. This supports the suggestion of earlier research that the negative recency effect stems from failure to employ mental imagery as a mnemonic code on terminal serial positions and that visual presentation promotes the use of imagery throughout a list.

Sequential Effects in a Two-Choice Serial Reaction Task

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Repetition Effect ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Previous Response ◽  
Fourth Condition ◽  
Negative Recency ◽  
Negative Recency Effect ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Simultaneous Prediction ◽  
Reaction Task

Twenty-four subjects performed a symbolic two-choice serial reaction task under four conditions. These were with a delay from previous response to onset of next stimulus of 100 millisec, 600 millisec., 2 sec., and a fourth condition of 2 sec. delay with verbal prediction of the next stimulus. A positive recency or repetition effect occurred at 100 millisec. delay where RTs to repeated stimuli were faster than RTs to alternate stimuli. At 600 millisec. this effect was still present, though much reduced. The 2 sec. delay gave a negative recency effect where RTs were slower to repeated than to alternate stimuli. This effect increased significantly with simultaneous prediction of the next stimulus. The verbal predictions themselves displayed negative recency. Run analysis of the four conditions revealed striking differences. These results emphasize the need for analysing the microstructure of choice RT situations and reveal deficiencies in present models.

scholarly journals Influences of environmental context on the recency effect in free recall

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Isarida ◽  
Toshiko K. Isarida
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Recency Effect

Primacy and Recency Effects in Immediate Free Recall of Sequences of Spatial Positions

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bonanni ◽  
Patrizio Pasqualetti ◽  
Carlo Caltagirone ◽  
Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Serial Position Curve ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Task Requirement ◽  
Recall Paradigm

This study evaluated the serial position curve based on free recall of spatial position sequences. To evaluate the memory processes underlying spatial recall, some manipulations were introduced by varying the length of spatial sequences (Exp. 1) and modifying the presentation rate of individual positions (Exp. 2). A primacy effect emerged for all sequence lengths, while a recency effect was evident only in the longer sequences. Moreover, slowing the presentation rate increased the magnitude of the primacy effect and abolished the recency effect. The main novelty of the present results is represented by the finding that better recall of early items in a sequence of spatial positions does not depend on the task requirement of an ordered recall but it can also be observed in a free recall paradigm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document