scholarly journals COMMUNITY-BASED ARMED GROUPS RESEARCH SERIES FACT SHEET: Origins of Hybrid Governance and Armed Community Mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Mobilization ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Hybrid Governance ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals FICHE D’INFORMATION : Une approche des groupes armés communautaires en Afrique subsaharienne : Enseignements tirés et mesures de la réussite

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Afrique Subsaharienne ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cette fiche d’information présente un aperçu des conclusions de l’effort de cartographie de l’Initiative de recherche sur les groupes armés communautaires du RESOLVE Network qui étudie la dynamique des groupes armés communautaires (GAC) pour identifier des approches potentielles visant à les engager, les gérer et les transformer. Ce rapport de recherche dresse une carte de la façon dont différents intervenants ont abordé le défi des GAC et indique comment mesurer au mieux la réussite de ces interventions. Des discussions avec les parties prenantes et une revue critique de la littérature ont révélé la nécessité d’une compréhension empirique plus approfondie des forces et des lacunes des réponses actuelles aux GAC afin d’informer des pratiques et des politiques plus efficaces et mieux appropriées. Pour en savoir plus sur la méthodologie de recherche, les résultats détaillés et les études de cas illustratives, veuillez vous référer au rapport de recherche RESOLVE de Moritz Schuberth : Approaching Community-Based Armed Groups in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons Learned & Measures of Success (Une approche des groupes armés communautaires en Afrique subsaharienne: enseignements tirés et mesures de la réussite).

scholarly journals FICHE D’INFORMATION : Origines de la gouvernance hybride et de la mobilisation des communautés armées en Afrique subsaharienne

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Mobilization ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Afrique Subsaharienne ◽  
Hybrid Governance ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cette fiche d’information présente un aperçu des conclusions de l’effort de cartographie de l’Initiative de recherche sur les groupes armés communautaires du RESOLVE Network qui étudie la dynamique des groupes armés communautaires (GAC) pour identifier des approches potentielles visant à les engager, les gérer et les transformer. Ce rapport de recherche explore les origines, les dynamiques et les moteurs des GAC en Afrique, et clarifie la multiplicité et la complexité des relations entre ces groupes et l’État, ainsi que leurs rôles et responsabilités prépondérants en matière de sécurité et de prestation de services. Des discussions avec les parties prenantes et une revue critique de la littérature ont révélé la nécessité que la recherche aille au-delà du discours selon lequel les GAC constituent des menaces à la sécurité nationale et considèrent leurs rôles en tant que contributeurs à la construction de l’État et à la consolidation de la paix. Pour en savoir plus sur la méthodologie de recherche, les résultats détaillés et les études de cas illustratives, veuillez consulter le rapport de recherche RESOLVE de Daniel E. Agbiboa : Origins of Hybrid Governance and Armed Community Mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa (Origines de la gouvernance hybride et de la mobilisation des communautés armées en Afrique subsaharienne).

A cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in northeastern Uganda: epidemiology and interventions

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 1376-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. CUMMINGS ◽  
J. F. WAMALA ◽  
M. EYURA ◽  
M. MALIMBO ◽  
M. E. OMEKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Water And Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
Village Health Teams

SUMMARYIn sub-Saharan Africa, many nomadic pastoralists have begun to settle in permanent communities as a result of long-term water, food, and civil insecurity. Little is known about the epidemiology of cholera in these emerging semi-nomadic populations. We report the results of a case-control study conducted during a cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in the Karamoja sub-region of northeastern Uganda in 2010. Data from 99 cases and 99 controls were analysed. In multivariate analyses, risk factors identified were: residing in the same household as another cholera case [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6·67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·83–15·70], eating roadside food (aOR 2·91, 95% CI 1·24–6·81), not disposing of children's faeces in a latrine (aOR 15·76, 95% CI 1·54–161·25), not treating drinking water with chlorine (aOR 3·86, 95% CI 1·63–9·14), female gender (aOR 2·43, 95% CI 1·09–5·43), and childhood age (10–17 years) (aOR 7·14, 95% CI 1·97–25·83). This is the first epidemiological study of cholera reported from a setting of semi-nomadic pastoralism in sub-Saharan Africa. Public health interventions among semi-nomadic pastoralists should include a two-faceted approach to cholera prevention: intensive health education programmes to address behaviours inherited from insecure nomadic lifestyles, as well as improvements in water and sanitation infrastructure. The utilization of community-based village health teams provides an important method of implementing such activities.

scholarly journals False-negative malaria rapid diagnostic test results and their impact on community-based malaria surveys in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e001582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver J Watson ◽  
Kelsey Marie Sumner ◽  
Mark Janko ◽  
Varun Goel ◽  
Peter Winskill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Lower Transmission ◽  
Demographic Patterns

Surveillance and diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria relies predominantly on rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). However, false-negative (FN) RDT results are known to occur for a variety of reasons, including operator error, poor storage conditions, pfhrp2/3 gene deletions, poor performance of specific RDT brands and lots, and low-parasite density infections. We used RDT and microscopy results from 85 000 children enrolled in Demographic Health Surveys and Malaria Indicator Surveys from 2009 to 2015 across 19 countries to explore the distribution of and risk factors for FN-RDTs in sub-Saharan Africa, where malaria’s impact is greatest. We sought to (1) identify spatial and demographic patterns of FN-RDT results, defined as a negative RDT but positive gold standard microscopy test, and (2) estimate the percentage of infections missed within community-based malaria surveys due to FN-RDT results. Across all studies, 19.9% (95% CI 19.0% to 20.9%) of microscopy-positive subjects were negative by RDT. The distribution of FN-RDT results was spatially heterogeneous. The variance in FN-RDT results was best explained by the prevalence of malaria, with an increase in FN-RDT results observed at lower transmission intensities, among younger subjects, and in urban areas. The observed proportion of FN-RDT results was not predicted by differences in RDT brand or lot performance alone. These findings characterise how the probability of detection by RDTs varies in different transmission settings and emphasise the need for careful interpretation of prevalence estimates based on surveys employing RDTs alone. Further studies are needed to characterise the cost-effectiveness of improved malaria diagnostics (eg, PCR or highly sensitive RDTs) in community-based surveys, especially in regions of low transmission intensity or high urbanicity.

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