scholarly journals Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Author(s):  
André O. Hudson ◽  
Taylor C.M. Harkness ◽  
Michael A. Savka

1999 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra van Wilpe ◽  
Hans Boumans ◽  
Gisele Lobo-Hajdu ◽  
Leslie A. Grivell ◽  
Jan A. Berden


2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Raffaella Ercolano ◽  
Agim Ballvora ◽  
Jürgen Paal ◽  
Hans-Henning Steinbiss ◽  
Francesco Salamini ◽  
...  


HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 555b-555
Author(s):  
Chiwon W. Lee

Velvet flower (Salpiglossis sinuata, Solanaceae) can be used as an excellent demonstration plant for horticultural crop breeding classes. Salpiglossis produces large trumpet-like flowers exhibiting an assortment of corolla color and pigmentation pattern. The pistil is large (3 to 4 cm long) with a sticky stigmatal tip and anthers can be easily emasculated prior to anthesis. The large pollen grains are shed in tetrads, which can be separated and individually placed on the stigma. It takes 8 to 9 weeks from seeding to blooming, with a prolific flowering cycle repeated in flushes. Numerous seeds (about 750/capsule) are obtained in 3 weeks after self- or cross-pollination. The influences of three genes that control flower color and pigmentation pattern can be conveniently demonstrated with their dominant and recessive alleles. The R gene controls flower color with red (RR or Rr) being dominant over yellow (rr) flower color. The D gene controls the density of pigmentation with solid (DD or Dd) color being dominant over dilute (dd) color. Corolla color striping is controlled by the St gene with striped (stst) being recessive to non-striped (StSt or Stst) pattern. For example, by using diploid lines of genotypes RRDD (red, solid), RRdd (red, dilute), or rrdd (yellow, dilute) and their crosses, students can easily learn a dominant phenotypic expression in the F1 hybrid and the digenic 9:3:3:1 segregation ratio in the F2 progeny. Another gene (C) that controls flower opening can also be used to show its influence on cleistogamous (closed, self-pollinated, CC or Cc) versus normal chasmogamous (open-pollinated, cc) corolla development. In addition, the induction and use of polyploid (4X, 3X) plants in plant breeding can be effectively demonstrated using this species.



1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Oates ◽  
James Camberato ◽  
M. J. Vepraskas
Keyword(s):  




2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Feng ◽  
Friederike Jayes ◽  
Lauren Johnson ◽  
David Schomberg ◽  
Phyllis Leppert


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (999) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chuii Khim Chong ◽  
Mohd Saberi Mohamad ◽  
Safaai Deris ◽  
Mohd Shahir Shamsir ◽  
Lian En Chai ◽  
...  


Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Clifford F. Brunk ◽  
Charles R. Marshall

While most advances in the study of the origin of life on Earth (OoLoE) are piecemeal, tested against the laws of chemistry and physics, ultimately the goal is to develop an overall scenario for life’s origin(s). However, the dimensionality of non-equilibrium chemical systems, from the range of possible boundary conditions and chemical interactions, renders the application of chemical and physical laws difficult. Here we outline a set of simple criteria for evaluating OoLoE scenarios. These include the need for containment, steady energy and material flows, and structured spatial heterogeneity from the outset. The Principle of Continuity, the fact that all life today was derived from first life, suggests favoring scenarios with fewer non-analog (not seen in life today) to analog (seen in life today) transitions in the inferred first biochemical pathways. Top-down data also indicate that a complex metabolism predated ribozymes and enzymes, and that full cellular autonomy and motility occurred post-LUCA. Using these criteria, we find the alkaline hydrothermal vent microchamber complex scenario with a late evolving exploitation of the natural occurring pH (or Na+ gradient) by ATP synthase the most compelling. However, there are as yet so many unknowns, we also advocate for the continued development of as many plausible scenarios as possible.



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