scholarly journals Clinical Significance of a Duplicated Palmaris Longus Muscle with One Reversed Muscle: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (C) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Adegbenro Omotuyi John Fakoya ◽  
Jordan D'Souza ◽  
Andrea Mary Thomas Kallumadyil ◽  
Tess McClenahan ◽  
Allyson Talaroc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Muscle Belly ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
Double Muscle ◽  
Palmar Aponeurosis ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND: Multiple variations of the palmaris longus (PL) muscle are reported throughout literature and include variations such as double muscle bellies, inversion of muscle belly and tendon, and the absence of the muscle. The muscle functions as a weak flexor of the wrist. It originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, projects as a superficial muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm, lies over the transverse carpal ligament, and inserts into the palmar aponeurosis. CASE REPORT: Routine dissection of the right forearm of a 70-year-old Caucasian male revealed a rare duplicated PL muscle with the medial PL muscle being reversed. The left forearm appeared normal, with no such variations. The cadaver showed no significant pathological findings due to this variation. Innervation and vasculature of the variant muscle appeared normal. CONCLUSION: The PL muscle is highly variable, and clinicians need to be aware of its many possible presentations due to its involvement in surgery, symptomatic clinical presentations, and as an anatomical landmark.

scholarly journals Non-adaptive evolution of the m. palmaris longus in the Homininae.

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zach Throckmorton ◽  
Nicole Forth ◽  
Nathanial Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Muscle Belly ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
Double Muscle ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Derived Data

The palmaris longus muscle is widely recognized for its notable variability in living humans. These variations include not only muscle belly reversal, distinct double muscle bellies, duplication and triplication, but also total uni- or bilateral agenesis (absence). A review of the literature and data novel to this study illustrate that different populations of humans exhibit remarkable variation in the frequency of palmaris longus agenesis, from less than 5% of Chinese to nearly 65% of Indians. Comparative dissection-derived data reveal substantial variation in palmaris longus agenesis (PLA) in populations of extant humans (H. sapiens), chimpanzees (Pan spp.), and gorillas (Gorilla spp.) - but not orangutans (Pongo spp.), which apparently always develop this muscle. From this pattern, we infer that palmaris longus is undergoing non-adaptive, stochastic evolution in the extant African Homininae, while it continues to have adaptive purpose in Pongo, likely due to the orangutans' greater degree of arboreality than the African apes and humans. Clinical evidence supports this conclusion, at least as it applies to humans. This study highlights the utility of comparative soft tissue data collection and interpretation in elucidating the evolution of anatomical structures that do not fossilize.

scholarly journals Anatomical work-up of an individual with multiple muscular variants on both forearms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Hagedorn ◽  
Bernhard Hirt ◽  
Thomas Shiozawa ◽  
Peter H. Neckel
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Muscle Belly ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Palmar Aponeurosis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Work Up

AbstractMuscular variants of the forearm are common and frequently cause neurovascular compression syndromes, especially when interfering with the compact topography of the carpal tunnel or the Canalis ulnaris. Here, we report on a male body donor with multiple muscular normal variations on both forearms. The two main findings are (1) an accessory variant muscle (AVM) on the right forearm originating from the M. brachioradialis, the distal radius, and the M. flexor pollicis longus. It spanned the wrist beneath the Fascia antebrachia and inserted at the proximal phalanx of the digitus minimus. (2) Moreover, we found a three-headed palmaris longus variant on the left arm with proximal origin tendon and a distal, trifurcated muscle belly, with separated insertions at the palmar aponeurosis, the flexor retinaculum, and, in analogy to the accessory muscle on the contralateral arm, at the base of the proximal phalanx of the digitus minimus. We found a considerable thickening of the left-hand median nerve right before entering the carpal tunnel indicative of a possible chronic compression syndrome adding clinical relevance to this anatomical case. We also discuss the notion that both, the AVM and the contralateral three-headed palmaris variant are developmental descendants of the M. palmaris longus. Additionally, we found a previously not recorded variant of the M. palmaris brevis on the left hand.

Anomalous insertion of the duplicated tendon of the palmaris longus muscle: Case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. S115
Author(s):  
S. Mohite Sandeep ◽  
M.A. Doshi ◽  
Priya Roy ◽  
S. Mohite Hemlata
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
Anomalous Insertion

scholarly journals A RARE CASE OF BILATERAL FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS VARIATION: ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND LITERATURE REVIEW. Un caso raro de variación bilateral del músculo flexor carpi ulnaris-significado anatómico y clínico y revisión literaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Alexandar Iliev ◽  
Georgi P. Georgiev ◽  
Boycho Landzhov
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Artery ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Bilateral Absence ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ◽  
Palmar Aponeurosis

Various aberrant muscles and fibro-tendinous structures have been identified in the anterior wrist, some of them blamed to be possible causes for neurovascular compression syndromes. Herewith, we describe such an intriguing structure related to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. During routine dissection of both upper limbs of an adult cadaver, an interesting crescent-shaped fibro-tendinous structure was identified bilaterally, arising broadly from the lateral side of the distal tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris. This aberrant structure arched over the ulnar artery and nerve before they enter the canal of Guyon and the median nerve just before the carpal tunnel. Further distally, the fibro-tendinous arch narrowed and interlaced with the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis longitudinal fibres. In this case there was also concomitant bilateral absence of the palmaris longus muscle. Because this aberrant fibro-tendinous arch has very close relations to the median nerve and ulnar nerve and artery in the wrist, it may possibly cause neurovascular compression during some muscle activity.Varios músculos y estructuras fibro-tendinosas aberrantes se han identificado en la parte anterior de la muñeca, muchas de las cuales se considera que pueden causar síndromes de compresión neurovascular. A continuación describimos una tal estructura relacionada con el músculo flexor carpi ulnaris. Durante disecciones de rutina de ambos miembros superiores de cadáveres de adultos fue descubierta una estructura fibro-tendinosa con forma de medialuna en ambos miembros originando de la parte lateral del tendón distal del flexor carpi ulnaris. Esta estructura formaba un arco pasando sobre y cubriendo la arteria y el nervio ulnar antes de que entren en el canal de Guyon, y sobre el nervio mediano justo antes de que entre en el canal carpal. Este arco fibro-tendinoso seguía estrechándose hasta entrelazarse con el ligamento transverso del carpo y las fibras longitudinales de la aponeuorisis palmar .En este mismo caso el músculo palmaris longus estaba ausente en ambas manos. Esta conexión entre el arco fibro-tendinoso y el nervio mediano, la arteria y el nervio ulnar en la muñeca posiblemente puede causar compresión neurovascular durante cierta actividad muscular.

Unilateral absence of Palmaris longus muscle – A case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-299
Author(s):  
Nitya Waghray ◽  
Aruna Jyothi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle

Reversed Palmaris Longus Muscle Causing Effort-Related Median Nerve Compression

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. DEPUYDT ◽  
A. H. SCHUURMAN ◽  
M. KON
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Release ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Muscle Belly ◽  
Median Nerve Compression ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle

Two cases of effort-related distal median nerve compression in the dominant forearm caused by a reversed palmaris longus muscle are presented. Simple resection of the muscle belly was performed. Carpal tunnel release was done in one case, but in retrospect this was probably not necessary.

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