Securing Digital Image with Authentication Code

2014 ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Siva Charan Muraharirao ◽  
Manik Lal Das
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Signature ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Authentication Codes ◽  
Authentication Code ◽  
Cryptographic Primitives ◽  
Partial Encryption ◽  
Data Authentication

The recent advances in multimedia technology demand protection of digital images from unintentional manipulation for content integrity, copyright, and ownership. Digital watermarking technique has wide acceptance in the industry for anti-piracy, ownership verification, and digital image authentication. There have been a large number of schemes in the literature proposed for digital watermarking using non-cryptographic and cryptographic primitives. Use of Least Significant Bits (LSB) is one of the oldest but classical approaches for digital image authentication. Although LSB approach is efficient, it does not provide adequate security. Cryptographic primitives such as hash function, digital signature, and message authentication codes have been used in several applications including multimedia for data authentication. Digital signature-based image authentication provides strong security, but the approach requires managing public key infrastructure, which is a costly operation. Partial data protection is also an optimal approach for protecting important data while leaving unimportant data unprotected. Considering security weakness of the LSB-based approach and cost overhead of the public key-based approach, the authors present in this chapter a digital image authentication scheme using LSB, keyed hash, and partial encryption. They show that the proposed watermarking scheme is secure and efficient in comparison to other related schemes.

Digital Image Protection using Keyed Hash Function

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Charan Muraharirao ◽  
Manik Lal Das
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Signature ◽  
Hash Function ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Message Authentication ◽  
Authentication Codes ◽  
Message Authentication Codes ◽  
Image Protection

Digital image authentication is an essential attribute for protecting digital image from piracy and copyright violator. Anti-piracy, digital watermarking, and ownership verification are some mechanisms evolving over the years for achieving digital image authentication. Cryptographic primitives, such as hash function, digital signature, and message authentication codes are being used in several applications including digital image authentication. Use of Least Significant Bit (LSB) is one of the classical approaches for digital image authentication. Although LSB approach is efficient, it does not provide adequate security services. On the other hand, digital signature-based image authentication provides better security, but with added computational cost in comparison with LSB approach. Furthermore, digital signature-based authentication approach requires managing public key infrastructure. Considering security weakness of LSB-based approach and cost overhead of public key based approach, the authors present a digital image authentication scheme using LSB and message authentication codes (MAC). The MAC-based approach for authenticating digital image is secure and efficient approach without public key management overhead. The authors also provide experimental results of the proposed scheme using MATLAB. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is efficient and secure in comparisons with other schemes.

Cryptographic Primitives

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-134
Author(s):  
Andreas Bolfing
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Elliptic Curves ◽  
Digital Signature ◽  
Discrete Logarithm ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Public Key Encryption ◽  
Cryptographic Primitives ◽  
Digital Signature Algorithm ◽  
Digital Signature Scheme ◽  
Current Standards

This chapter provides a very detailed introduction to cryptography. It first explains the cryptographic basics and introduces the concept of public-key encryption which is based on one-way and trapdoor functions, considering the three major public-key encryption families like integer factorization, discrete logarithm and elliptic curve schemes. This is followed by an introduction to hash functions which are applied to construct Merkle trees and digital signature schemes. As modern cryptoschemes are commonly based on elliptic curves, the chapter then introduces elliptic curve cryptography which is based on the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP). It considers the hardness of the ECDLP and the possible attacks against it, showing how to find suitable domain parameters to construct cryptographically strong elliptic curves. This is followed by the discussion of elliptic curve domain parameters which are recommended by current standards. Finally, it introduces the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), the elliptic curve digital signature scheme.

Post-Quantum Blockchains

2020 ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Andreas Bolfing
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Cryptographic Primitives ◽  
Signature Schemes

Chapter 10 deals with the fact that quantum computers will break all current practical digital signature schemes once large-scale quantum computers become reality. The chapter starts with an outline of the major cryptographic primitives that are considered to be quantum-safe and compare their efficiency and usability for blockchain networks. For this, it compares the basic factors of the most popular classical public-key schemes and some chosen post-quantum approaches. This is followed by an introduction to hash-based cryptosystems. Based on Lamport-Diffie one-time signatures, it shows how hash-based signature schemes work and how they can be transformed to multi-signature schemes.

Privacy-Aware Image Authentication from Cryptographic Primitives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Chen ◽  
Xinyi Huang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Yi Mu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Image Editing ◽  
Cryptographic Primitives ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
Region Extraction ◽  
Practical Performance ◽  
Generic Design ◽  
Security Property ◽  
Digital Signature Scheme

Abstract Image authentication is the process of verifying image origin, integrity and authenticity. In many situations, image authentication should allow reasonable image editing, which does not introduce any wrong information against the original one. While it has been studied both extensively and intensively with considerable efforts, there is no satisfactory method supporting region extraction. This paper presents a solution to address the issue of privacy protection in authenticated images. Our scheme allows anyone to extract sub-image blocks from an original image (authenticated by the image producer) and generate a proof tag to prove the credibility of the extracted image blocks. The process of proof tag generation does not require any interaction with the image producer. In addition, the image producer is able to define must-be-preserved image blocks (e.g. producer logo) during the extraction. We define the security property for the authenticated sub-images and give a generic design with two core primitives: an ordinary digital signature scheme and a cryptographic accumulator. The security of our design can be reduced to the underlying cryptographic primitives and its practical performance is demonstrated by a bunch of evaluations. We believe the proposed design, together with other image authentication methods, will further facilitate image relevant services and applications.

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