Real-Time Data Transfer in Marine Environment Monitoring Applications

Due to immense application scenarios emerged by underwater communication, the researchers have shown their ardent interest in this field. Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) provides a promising approach for realism of such type of applications such as pollution monitoring, data agglomeration, natural calamities prediction, etc. In UWSN, sensor nodes are deployed at a number of different points of depths based upon the application requirements. Nodes at different locations collect the information and forward it to the sink node at surface. As a node cannot directly communicate to the sink node at surface, the multi hop communication takes place which poses great challenges underwater such as limited resource, bandwidth unavailability, end-to-end delays, temperature, water pressure, etc. However, congestion control is considered to be fundamental issue to be solved for effective data transfer underwater. This chapter presents the importance of real-time data in marine environment for plenty of applications and discuss the major issue in efficient data communication.