Neo-Symbiosis

Selected Readings on the Human Side of Information Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-088-2.ch023 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 410-424

Author(s):

Douglas Griffith ◽

Frank L. Greitzer

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Historical Context ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Computer Architectures ◽

Contemporary Theory ◽

Central Concept ◽

Half Century ◽

Evaluation Methodologies ◽

Research Challenges ◽

Human Factors Research

The purpose of this article is to re-address the vision of human-computer symbiosis as originally expressed by J.C.R. Licklider nearly a half-century ago and to argue for the relevance of this vision to the field of cognitive informatics. We describe this vision, place it in some historical context relating to the evolution of human factors research, and observe that the field is now in the process of re-invigorating Licklider’s vision. A central concept of this vision is that humans need to be incorporated into computer architectures. We briefly assess the state of the technology within the context of contemporary theory and practice, and we describe what we regard as this emerging field of neo-symbiosis. Examples of neo-symbiosis are provided, but these are nascent examples and the potential of neo-symbiosis is yet to be realized. We offer some initial thoughts on requirements to define functionality of neo-symbiotic systems and discuss research challenges associated with their development and evaluation. Methodologies and metrics for assessing neo-symbiosis are discussed.

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Neo-Symbiosis

Intelligent Information Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-941-0.ch139 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 2383-2394

Author(s):

D. Griffith ◽

F. L. Greitzer

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Historical Context ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Computer Architectures ◽

Contemporary Theory ◽

Central Concept ◽

Half Century ◽

Evaluation Methodologies ◽

Research Challenges ◽

Human Factors Research

The purpose of this article is to re-address the vision of human-computer symbiosis as originally expressed by J.C.R. Licklider nearly a half-century ago and to argue for the relevance of this vision to the field of cognitive informatics. We describe this vision, place it in some historical context relating to the evolution of human factors research, and observe that the field is now in the process of re-invigorating Licklider’s vision. A central concept of this vision is that humans need to be incorporated into computer architectures. We briefly assess the state of the technology within the context of contemporary theory and practice, and we describe what we regard as this emerging field of neo-symbiosis. Examples of neo-symbiosis are provided, but these are nascent examples and the potential of neo-symbiosis is yet to be realized. We offer some initial thoughts on requirements to define functionality of neo-symbiotic systems and discuss research challenges associated with their development and evaluation. Methodologies and metrics for assessing neo-symbiosis are discussed.

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Neo-Symbiosis

Novel Approaches in Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-170-4.ch007 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 106-117

Author(s):

Douglas Griffith ◽

Frank L. Greitzer

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Historical Context ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Computer Architectures ◽

Contemporary Theory ◽

Central Concept ◽

Half Century ◽

Evaluation Methodologies ◽

Research Challenges ◽

Human Factors Research

The purpose of this article is to re-address the vision of human-computer symbiosis as originally expressed by J.C.R. Licklider nearly a half-century ago and to argue for the relevance of this vision to the field of cognitive informatics. We describe this vision, place it in some historical context relating to the evolution of human factors research, and observe that the field is now in the process of re-invigorating Licklider’s vision. A central concept of this vision is that humans need to be incorporated into computer architectures. We briefly assess the state of the technology within the context of contemporary theory and practice, and we describe what we regard as this emerging field of neo-symbiosis. Examples of neo-symbiosis are provided, but these are nascent examples and the potential of neo-symbiosis is yet to be realized. We offer some initial thoughts on requirements to define functionality of neo-symbiotic systems and discuss research challenges associated with their development and evaluation. Methodologies and metrics for assessing neo-symbiosis are discussed.

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Neo-Symbiosis

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-026-4.ch442 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 2773-2777

Author(s):

Douglas Griffith ◽

Frank L. Greitzer

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Human Brain ◽

Computer Science ◽

Information Science ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Historical Context ◽

Process Data ◽

Half Century ◽

Human Brains ◽

Computing Machines

The purpose of this article is to re-address the vision of human- computer symbiosis expressed by J. C. R. Licklider nearly a half century ago, when he wrote: “The hope is that in not too many years, human brains and computing machines will be coupled together very tightly, and that the resulting partnership will think as no human brain has ever thought and process data in a way not approached by the information- handling machines we know today” (Licklider, 1960). Unfortunately, little progress was made toward this vision over 4 decades following Licklider’s challenge, despite significant advancements in the fields of human factors and computer science. Licklider’s vision was largely forgotten. However, recent advances in information science and technology, psychology, and neuroscience have rekindled the potential of making the Licklider’s vision a reality. This article provides a historical context for and updates the vision, and it argues that such a vision is needed as a unifying framework for advancing IS&T.

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Trends in Human Factors Research for Military Information Systems

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/001872087001200205 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 177-186

Author(s):

Sylvia R. Mayer

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Human Factors ◽

Software Design ◽

Human Performance ◽

Historical Context ◽

Point Of View ◽

Future Trends ◽

Behavioral Sciences ◽

Human Factors Research

Military information systems are surveyed in an historical context starting with the SAGE system of the 1950's and projecting to the anticipated supersystems of the 1970's. Human functions in development, operation, and use of these systems are considered from a human factors point of view. This evolutionary overview shows how hardware and software design impact on human performance and how this impact has focused and expanded research in the computer sciences and in the behavioral sciences. The evolving human functions in military information systems are described. These descriptions serve as a basis for defining and researching critical human factors opportunities and problems. Paralleling this analysis is a review of several past, current, and future trends in human factors research for future military information systems.

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