Metallurgical Electrochemistry: The Interface between Materials Science and Molten Salt Chemistry

1991 ◽  
Vol 73-75 ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Sadoway
1988 ◽  
Vol 347 (1-2) ◽  
pp. C13-C14
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Seddon

2010 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Schwandt ◽  
Greg R. Doughty ◽  
Derek J. Fray

The FFC-Cambridge process is a molten salt electrochemical deoxidation method that was invented at the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy of the University of Cambridge one decade ago. It is a generic technology that allows the direct conversion of metal oxides into the corresponding metals through cathodic polarisation of the oxide in a molten salt electrolyte based on calcium chloride. The process is rather universal in its applicability, and numerous studies on metals, semimetals, alloys and intermetallics have since been performed at the place of its invention and worldwide. The electro-winning of titanium metal is a particularly rewarding target because of the disadvantages of the existing extraction methods. This article summarises the research work performed on the FFC-Cambridge process at the University of Cambridge and its industrial partners with a focus on the electro-winning of titanium metal from titanium dioxide. Topics addressed encompass the invention of the process, early proof-of-concept work, the identification of the reaction pathway, and the investigation and optimisation of the key process parameters. Also discussed are aspects of technology transfer and some of the development work undertaken to date.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Jie Li ◽  
David Sprouster ◽  
Guiqiu Zheng ◽  
Jӧrg Neuefeind ◽  
Alex Braatz ◽  
...  

The resurgence of the Molten-Salt Nuclear Reactors (MSR) creates interesting problems in molten-salt chemistry. As MSRs operate, the composition and physical properties of salts change because of fission and corrosion. Since Cr is the principal corrosion product and NaCl is a common constituent, we studied the atomic structure of molten NaCl-CrCl3. We found networks of CrCl3− 6 octahedra and an intermediate-range order with nonmonotonic temperature behavior in a remarkable agreement between measurements and ab initio simulations. Even though the corrosion results in minute quantities of dissolved Cr, the speciation of Cr could lead to changes in molten-salt properties in nuclear and solar salts. In particular, we found a much lower than expected melting temperature and a broad metastable liquid-solid coexistence phase. The availability of Cr isotopes with very different neutron-scattering properties makes Cr an ideal model multi-valent ion for experimental validation of new atomistic models such as neural network interatomic potentials.


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