scholarly journals Prehistoric pigment characterisation of the Abri Pataud rock-shelter (Dordogne, France)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Lebon ◽  
Lucile Beck ◽  
Sylvain Grégoire ◽  
Laurent Chiotti ◽  
Roland Nespoulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Subsistence Activities ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Iron Oxide Pigments

Iron oxide pigments found in archaeological context constitute an important source of information for the understanding of cultural and subsistence activities of ancient human cultures. In order to complete archaeological contextual information, many analytical methods have been applied to characterise pigments and to provide further information on this material (<em>e.g.</em> supplies, selections, mechanical or physical transformations of raw material, use and application processes). Several studies have demonstrated that the elemental composition of iron oxide pigments can be used to discriminate between several geological provenances. In this study, non-destructive micro-particle induced Xray emission analysis was applied in order to distinguish different kinds of reddish pigments from the prehistoric site of Abri Pataud, more especially from the Layer 2 attributed to Final Gravettian period (22,000 BP). By using an external beam, this technique required no sampling, and enabled us to perform localised analyses directly on raw material, on ochre residues applied on artefacts or on fragments of the wall of this rock-shelter. The results obtained by this technique demonstrate that the pigments covering the decorated fragments of the rock-shelter wall, found during the excavation of the Layer 2, have elemental compositions similar to the composition of a raw pigment found in the same layer. These results suggest that the shelter was decorated during the Final Gravettian period and thus provide new insights for the understanding of the archaeological context of this occupation layer.

Iron-Oxide Pigments Obtained from Sewage Sludge: Properties, Structure, Phase Transformation

2016 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Lukashevich ◽  
Nadejda Usova ◽  
Vasily Lotov ◽  
Sergey Filichev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Sludge Properties ◽  
Iron Oxide Pigments

The paper presents chemical, physical, and physicochemical investigations of sewage sludge and iron-oxide pigments produced therefrom. Gravimetric, X-ray phase, and thermal analyses and scanning electron microscopy were carried out in certified laboratories. Experimental results are given for iron-containing sewage sludge produced by the water-treatment plant and taken from water collection filters of Tomsk groundwater sources. It is shown that at heating iron-containing sewage sludge up to 800 oС, a brick-red pigment is formed having the specific surface area of 9,8 m2/g that corresponds to the theoretical particle size of 124 nm. A flow-chart is suggested for the production of iron-oxide pigments obtained from sewage sludge, and the raw material compositions are designed for construction industry applications. The suggested cement-sand colored compositions of materials and products have passed the evaluation tests at OOO Akvatom (Tomsk, Russia), and their high service properties (strength, water-and frost-resistance) are experimentally supported.

Iron oxide pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Precipitation Processes ◽  
Iron Oxide Pigments ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

AbstractNatural and synthetic iron oxide pigments are by far the most important colored pigments. Their high importance is based on the variety of stable colors ranging from yellow via orange, red and brown to black. Iron oxide yellow (α-FeOOH), iron oxide red (α-Fe2O3) and iron oxide black (Fe3O4) are the most important representatives of the iron oxide pigments. Synthetic iron oxide pigments are produced industrially on a large scale by solid-state processes, precipitation processes and by the Laux process. Main advantages of synthetic iron oxide pigments compared with natural types are their pure hue, the consistent, reproducible quality and their tinting strength. Iron oxide pigments are mainly used in construction materials, paints, coatings, and plastics, but also in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and special applications such as ceramics, magnetic coatings and toners.

Obtaining of natural iron-oxide pigments

2017 ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
D. Skendzic ◽  
D. Milic ◽  
S. Mrdakovic ◽  
M. Vranic
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Natural Iron ◽  
Iron Oxide Pigments

scholarly journals Qualitative terpene profiling of Cannabis varieties cultivated for medical purposes

Rodriguésia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Diaz Rocha ◽  
Vitória EA Silva ◽  
Fernanda CS Pereira ◽  
Valery M Jean ◽  
Fabio L Costa Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract With the upcoming medical Cannabis regulation, quality control methods on raw material will be required. Besides testing for contaminants and potency, there are also pharmaceutical and forensic interests in the determination of the terpene profile in different strains of Cannabis as complementary identification methods. A simple non-destructive HS-SPME GC-MS method was used to identify the terpene content in twelve Cannabis samples, four of them were of the hemp type (Harle-tsu), seven from various marihuana types and one of the intermediate type. They all were previously analyzed by HPLC to determine the potency (THC and CBD content). Spectral library matching was used to identify the terpenes compounds. Thirty terpenes compounds were detected, nine of them were present in all Cannabis samples and used to find their terpene profile: α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, D-limonene, terpinolene, linalool, caryophyllene, α-bergamotene and humulene. Three of them, caryophyllene, α-pinene and β-myrcene were found as larger components in most of samples. A principal components analyses (PCA) was performed. The four hemp type samples showed two different profiles, two samples showed caryophyllene as main component and the others two with β-myrcene as such. The marihuana type samples showed wider profiles with no clear patterns at all, which is not surprising because of the low number of samples. The simple methodology shows viable to set the terpenes profile for analyses of raw Cannabis material. Suitability for differentiation between different sorts of types needs more studies, with increasing numbers of samples.

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