The “Hunting” Economies of the Tropical Forest Zone of South America: An Attempt at Historical Perspective

2017 ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Lathrap
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Forest Zone

Less Rain and More Heat”: Smallholders’ Perception and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Tropical Environments

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Diana Infante Ramírez ◽  
Ana Minerva Arce Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

The main objective of this study was to analyze local perceptions of climate variability and the different adaptation strategies of four communities in the southern Yucatán Peninsula, using the Social-Ecological System (SES) approach. Four SESs were considered: two in the coastal zone and two in the tropical forest zone. Data were collected using different qualitative methodological tools (interviews, participant observation, and focal groups) and the information collected from each site was triangulated. In all four sites, changes in climate variability were perceived as “less rain and more heat”. In the tropical forest (or Maya) zone, an ancestral indigenous weather forecasting system, known as “Xook k’íin” (or “las cabañuelas”), was recorded and the main activity affected by climate variability was found to be slash-and burn farming or the milpa. In the coastal zone, the main activities affected are fishing and tourism. In all the cases analyzed, local climate change adaptation strategies include undertaking alternative work, and changing the calendar of daily, seasonal and annual labor and seasonal migration. The population of all four SESs displayed concern and uncertainty as regards dealing with these changes and possible changes in the future.

Climate-biomes, pedo-biomes or pyro-biomes: which world view explains the tropical forest-savanna boundary in South America?

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2319-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Langan ◽  
Steven I. Higgins ◽  
Simon Scheiter
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
World View

Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arve Elvebakk ◽  
J. W. BJERKE ◽  
L. E. STØVERN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Present Study Area ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
First Time

The parmelioid lichens is a speciose group in the Parmeliaceae family, and the biodiversity of this group is still far from completely understood in many regions of the world. One such region is southernmost South America, viz. the parts of Chile and Argentina south of 49 and 46° S, respectively, and the Falkland Islands. Based on examination of 366 herbarium samples and a study of relevant literature, 51 species of parmelioid lichens are here accepted for southernmost South America, whereas 12 species reported from the area during the last decades have been rejected. Xanthoparmelia austrosorediata and X. tehuelchorum are described as new to science here. In addition, six species are reported as new to southernmost South America, three of which are new to Chile, whereas an additional five species are new to the Chilean region of Magallanes. The apothecia of Flavoparmelia gerlachei and Xanthoparmelia subplittii are described for the first time here. Xanthoparmelia is the largest genus in the area with 21 species, two still undescribed, followed by Hypotrachyna with 11 and Parmelia with five. The lichenologically least explored part of the area is the Patagonian steppe and adjacent areas. Half of the total number of species, including all Xanthoparmelia species, is concentrated to these arid areas, and the majority of these are species which are endemic to South America. Hypotrachyna species are characteristic of the humid evergreen forest zone along the coast, and most of these species have wide pantropical or subcosmopolitan distribution ranges and few records from the present study area. The strongest focus of the present study is the National Park Torres del Paine in Magallanes, and a total of 35 parmelioid species are reported from this area here. Several of these have had their only known localities in southernmost South America destroyed by the 2011/2012 forest fire. Exploration history, frequency, distribution and evolutionary patterns are also discussed for single species or groups of species.

Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: a Comparative Review.

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Keay ◽  
B. J. Meggers ◽  
E. S. Ayensu ◽  
W. D. Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Comparative Review
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