Inhibiting Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid In Fuming Nitric Acid on Liquid and Gas Phase Corrosion of Several Metals

CORROSION ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID M. MASON ◽  
LOIS L. TAYLORS ◽  
JOHN B. RITTENHOUSE
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Pure Lead ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

Abstract Measurements were made at 130 degrees F of the extent of corrosion of several metals exposed to the liquid and the gas phase of thermally stable nitric acid containing 11 to 13 weight percent nitrogen dioxide and 2 to 4 weight percent water with and without hydrofluoric acid added as a corrosion inhibitor. Liquid-phase corrosion of the following metals was readily inhibited by hydrofluoric acid in fuming nitric acid of this composition: aluminum alloys 2S-0 (1100), 14S-T6 (2014-T6), 17S-T4 (2017-T4), 24S-T4 (2024-T4), 61S-T6 (6061-T6), and 75S-T6 (7075-T6); aluminum 2S-0 welded to 356; and chromium-nickel steels 302, 303, 304, 321, 347, Armco 17-7PH, and Uniloy 19-9DL and 19-9DX. Carbon steel C1020 and chromium alloy steels 4130, 410, 430, and 446 having intact natural metal oxide films, which were formed in moist air, were inhibited by hydrofluoric acid. Corrosive attack of these steels without the oxide film, however, was aggravated by the presence of hydrofluoric acid in fuming nitric acid, the corrosion becoming more extensive the lower the chromium content of the steel. Commercially pure lead was inhibited by hydrofluoric acid, whereas pure chromium, Nickel-A, tantalum, and titanium alloys 75A and 130A were either only slightly inhibited or showed corrosion rates which actually were increased by presence of hydrofluoric acid in fuming nitric acid. Inhibition of gas-phase corrosion was found to occur readily in the case of the following metals tested: steels 303, 410, 430, and 446 and aluminum 61S-T6. Gas-phase corrosion of steels 4130 and 1020 was usually aggravated by hydrofluoric acid. Exposure of aluminum 61S-T6 and stainless steel 347 to fuming nitric acid with a repeated cycling of temperature between 70 and 160 degrees F was found not to impair the inhibiting effect of hydrofluoric acid on gas and liquid-phase corrosion of these metals. A few tests of the liquid and gas-phase corrosion of aluminum 61S-T6 and steels C1020 and 347 by nitrogen dioxide at 130 degrees F were also made, and this medium was found in general to be much less corrosive than fuming nitric acid. 4.3.2

Inhibiting Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid in Fuming Nitric Acid On Corrosion of Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Steels

CORROSION ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
CLARENCE E. LEVOE ◽  
DAVID M. MASON ◽  
JOHN B. RITTENHOUSE
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

CONDITIONS FOR THE PHOTOCHEMICAL NITRATION OF BENZENE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1714-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Bunbury
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Dark Reaction ◽  
Gas Phases

The reaction of benzene and nitrogen dioxide to produce nitrobenzene has been studied in the liquid and gas phases, in the dark, and with irradiation by light of 439 mμ and of 366 mμ. The concentration of NO2 in the liquid was varied from 0.08 to 1.6 moles/1 and in the gas from 0.0035 to 0.053 moles/1. No nitrobenzene was produced under any conditions in the liquid phase. Nitrobenzene is produced in the gas phase at high NO2 concentrations with irradiation by 366 mμ light. The quantum yield is 0.2. At 439 mμ the quantum yield is not more than 0.02. There is a very small dark reaction. As the concentration of NO2 in the gas is reduced the yield of nitrobenzene falls off very rapidly and is zero at the lowest concentration used, both in dark and light.

Nitration of 2,3,4,6-Tetramethylphenol and 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Hartshorn ◽  
JM Readman ◽  
WT Robinson ◽  
J Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

Nitration of 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene (2a) with fuming nitric acid gives the tetramethylnitrobenzene (22), products of side-chain modification (23)-(27), the rearranged 6,6-dimethylcyclohexenones (8), (28), (29) and (30), and 2,3,4,6-tetramethyl ketone derivatives (10)- (13), (31) and (32). Reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetramethylphenol (7) with nitrogen dioxide gives the hydroxy dinitro ketone (9) in addition to the trinitrocyclohexenones (11)-(14) and (19). X-ray crystal structures are reported for compounds (11), (19), (28), (29), (30) and (32). 1H n.m.r ./stereochemistry correlations are reported for some 2,5-dinitro- and 2,5,6-trinitro-cyclohex-3-enones.

Determination of hydrofluoric acid in inhibited red fuming nitric acid

The Analyst ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 93 (1112) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Croomes ◽  
R. C. McNutt
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

The nitration of pentamethylphenol

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Hartshorn ◽  
WT Robinson ◽  
J Vaughan ◽  
JM White ◽  
AR Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

Nitration of pentamethylphenol (1) with nitrogen dioxide in benzene gives the four possible 2,5,6-trinitrocyclohex-3-enones (6), (7), (8) and (9), three 4,5,6-trinitrocyclohex-2-enones (10), (11) and [(12) or (13)], the 2-hydroxy-5,6-dinitrocyclohex-3-enone (14), quinone (17) and the 4-nitro dienone (3). The fuming nitric acid nitration of pentamethylphenol (1) for 90 h gives most of these products, except that 4-nitratomethyl-2,5,6-trinitrocyclohex-3-eones (21), (22), (23) and (24) are isolated. X-ray crystal structures are reported for compounds (6), (7), (8), (10), (11), (14) and (21).

Study of Chemical Factors Affecting Corrosion of Carbon Steel AISI 1020 By Liquid-Phase Fuming Nitric Acid

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
JOHN B. RITTENHOUSE ◽  
DAVID M. MASON
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Pentoxide ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Corrosion rates of cold reduced and annealed plain carbon steel AISI 1020 tubing in fuming nitric acid (FNA) were obtained by measuring the change in electrical resistance of the tube with time. Corrosion rates decreased with increasing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration in FNA in the range 0 to 14 weight percent and also decreased with increasing H2O content in the range 0 to 3.5 weight percent. This behavior indicates the possibility that nitronium ion (NO2+) or nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) are involved in the rate-controlling step in the corrosion process. Tentative or short-time passivation of the steel was obtained when the NO2 concentration was greater than about 9 weight percent and H2O concentration was 3.5 weight percent at the upper concentration range studied. Short-time passivation was also obtained when an oxide film formed under appropriate conditions was initially present on the specimen surface. Inhibition in the FNA media occurred only in those cases where the maximum rate of metal removal was less than 0.025 mil/min, corresponding to a weight of metal removed of approximately 0.1 mg/cm2 of apparent surface. Adding 1.5 weight percent of either perchloric acid (HClO4) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and 0.5 weight percent hydrofluoric acid (HF) produced inhibition in short-time experiments. 4.3.2

Determination of nitrogen dioxide in red fuming nitric acid

The Analyst ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 94 (1124) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
J. F. Phillips ◽  
R. C. McNutt ◽  
E. F. Croomes
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

The nitration of 2,4-dibromo-3,5,6-trimethylphenol and some reactions of polysubstituted phenols with nitrogen dioxide; X-ray crystal structure of 4-Acetyl-1-bromo-r-3,c-4-epoxy-2,t-5-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrocyclopentene

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Hartshorn ◽  
RJ Martyn ◽  
WT Robinson ◽  
KH Sutton ◽  
J Vaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

Nitrations of phenols (3a), (3b), (7) and (8) with nitrogen dioxide in cyclohexane give similar patterns of reaction to those with fuming nitric acid in acetic acid. Nitration of 2,4-dibromo-3,5,6-trimethyl- phenol (19) with nitrogen dioxide gives isomeric trinitrocyclohex-3-enones (24), while fuming nitric acid reactions yield either the trinitro ketone (24a) and the cis-dinitro ketone (25) or the C2-epimeric ketones (25) and (26) depending upon the reaction conditions. Some reactions of these products are described, and the X-ray crystal structure of the epoxycyclopentene derivative (30) is reported.

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