scholarly journals Fetal anatomy of the upper pharyngeal muscles with special reference to the nerve supply: is it an enteric plexus or simply an intramuscular nerve?

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Abe ◽  
Masayuki Fukuda ◽  
Shigeki Yamane ◽  
Hideki Saka ◽  
Yukio Katori ◽  
...  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Shimokawa ◽  
Shuangquin Yi ◽  
Shigenori Tanaka

Objective Descriptions of the innervation of the soft palate muscles in previous studies have varied according to the author. In the present study, distribution of the lesser palatine nerve, through which motor fibers of the facial nerve are considered to reach soft palate muscles, and that of the pharyngeal plexus in the soft palate were investigated in order to reexamine the innervation of the soft palate muscles according to anatomical evidence. Results Observations suggested that the levator veli palatini and palatopharyngeus were doubly innervated by branches of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus, and that the musculus uvulae was innervated by only the lesser palatine nerve. Conclusion The soft palate is considered to be located in the border region between the areas of distribution of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus. This may be why controversies exist in previous studies about the innervation of the soft palate muscles.


1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 272???276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jay Diamond ◽  
Neil Goldhaber ◽  
Bei Lian Wu ◽  
Hugh Biller ◽  
Ira Sanders

1993 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Sanders ◽  
Liancai Mu ◽  
Bei-Lian Wu ◽  
Hugh F. Biller

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